Mast Cells as a Component of Spermatogonial Stem Cells' Microenvironment.

The formation of mature spermatozoa originates from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) located near the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules. This developmental process, known as spermatogenesis, is tightly regulated to ensure continuous sperm production. A critical aspect of this regulation is the balance between SSC differentiation and self-renewal, which is directed by various factors guiding SSCs in either of these two directions.

Wireless EEG Recording of Audiogenic Seizure Activity in Freely Moving Krushinsky-Molodkina Rats.

This study investigates audiogenic epilepsy in Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rats, questioning the efficacy of conventional EEG techniques in capturing seizures during animal restraint. Using a wireless EEG system that allows unrestricted movement, our aim was to gather ecologically valid data. Nine male KM rats, prone to audiogenic seizures, received implants of wireless EEG transmitters that target specific seizure-related brain regions.

Early-life maternal deprivation in rats increases sensitivity to the subsequent stressors: a pilot study.

Early life experiences, particularly maternal deprivation (MD), have long-lasting implications on emotional and cognitive development. Using Wistar rats as a model, this study explores the impact of MD followed by predator stress exposure (PSS) to simulate aspects of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A cohort of 41 male rat pups underwent MD from postnatal days 2 to 14, followed by PSS at day 90.

Stem cells and cardiac arrhythmias.

Recent discoveries in the physiology and pathology of myocardial progenitor cells have allowed researchers to better understand a variety of cardiac pathologies and look at the pathophysiology of arrhythmias from a different perspective. Since the myocardium is composed of a syncytium of electrically interconnected cells, the process of incorporation of newly formed or imported cells into its structure is particularly important. Progenitor cells are stimulated by spontaneous electrical activity, a lengthy action potential, and easily induced triggering activity.

The Blood-Brain Barrier in Neuroimmune Interactions and Pathological Processes.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a kind of filter, highly selective in relation to various types of substances. The BBB supports the immune status of the brain and is an important regulator of neuroimmune interactions. Some of the molecular and cellular features of the BBB, as well as the five main pathways of neuroimmune communication mediated by the BBB, are analyzed in this article.

Hemoglobin Isoforms in Rat Erythrocytes in Acute Aseptic Inflammation.

Qualitative rearrangement in erythropoiesis (changes in the ratio between erythrocyte populations and hemoglobin isoforms) was revealed in male Wistar rats with modeled acute aseptic inflammation. It was found that the percentage of heavy hemoglobin isoforms prevailed over the light forms in the bloodstream. Deciphering of the mechanisms of these changes requires additional research.

Changes in Hemoglobin Isoforms in the Peripheral Blood of Rats with Experimental Posthemorrhagic Anemia.

Six hemoglobin isoforms were identified in the peripheral blood of male Wistar rats by PAAG electrophoresis. Erythrocytes can be separated into 6 fractions by fractional centrifugation; the fractions differ by the content of reticulocytes and cells with fetal hemoglobin. Cells in each fraction contain one light and one heavy hemoglobin isoforms, and their combination is specific to each fraction.

The Possibility of Using Bioprostheses for Autoplasty of Skull Bone Defects (an Experimental Study).

The possibility of obtaining a connective tissue bioprosthesis on a cellulose implant placed under the skin and its further use in cranioplasty was demonstrated in experiments on rats. A positive dynamics of bone tissue formation on the basis of the obtained bioprosthesis was revealed.

[Gender differences in the pool of free amino acid neurotransmitters in Krushinsky-Molodkina rats].

The study of the role of neurotransmitter systems in the pathogenesis of epilepsy is one of the priorities of epileptology. New data on the functions of free neurotransmitter-like amino acid in the central nervous system are of the greatest importance and determine the prospects for the development of novel effective anticonvulsants. It is widely believed in clinical medicine that epilepsy has distinct gender characteristics.

Recruitment of macrophages and bone marrow stem cells to regenerating liver promoted by sodium phthalhydrazide in mice.

Pharmacological interventions which could be hepatoprotective, depending on bioavailability, anti-inflammatory and macrophage-targeting potential of drugs, are still at early preclinical stages. Existing evidence from many animal models of liver injury, as well as from human data, indicate that pharmacological and/or phytochemical interventions have limited impact on liver recovery. Recent studies on stem cell therapies focused on different cell subsets involved in tissue repair, including monocytes/macrophages and bone marrow cells migrating to the injured liver.

Prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and the role of structural changes in myocardium in their development.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and their relationships with the structural parameters of the heart.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using clinical and biochemical profiles of patients with diabetes at the Endocrinology Centre and City Clinical Hospital No. 40, Ekaterinburg, Russia.

[Feasibility of using connective tissue prosthesis for autoplastic repair of urinary bladder wall defects (an experimental study)].

Experiments on laboratory rats have shown the feasibility of autoplastic repair of urinary bladder wall defects using a connective-tissue capsule formed as the result of an inflammatory response to the presence of a foreign body. The formation of connective tissue prosthesis is characterized by developing fibrous connective tissue, ordering of collagen fibers, reducing the number of cells per unit area with a predominance of more mature cells - fibroblasts. With increasing time of observation, connective tissue prostheses were found to acquire a morphological structure similar to that of the urinary bladder wall.

[The clotting tests and molecular markers in evaluating of coagulation alterations against the background of anti-thrombotic prevention by Dabigatran after large orthopedic operations].

The large orthopedic operations are associated with high risk of development of thrombosis of deep veins of lower extremities. Nowadays, new oral anticoagulants are widely applied for anti-thrombotic prevention. The coagulation alterations against the background of effect of Dabigatran, a direct inhibitor of thrombin were examined in 30 patients underwent endoprosthesis replacement of knee joint.

Reaction of Lymphoid Organs to Injection of Iron-Carbon Nanoparticles.

The distribution of iron-carbon nanoparticles in FeC-DSPE-PEG-2000 modification (micellar particles with structure (Fe) core-carbon shell; PEG-based coating) is studied. The greater part of the nanoparticles accumulated in the spleen and liver, a small amount in the lungs, and the minimum amount in the thymus. The structural changes in the lymphoid organs were minor and involved only the microcirculatory bed.

[Sex Differences in Behavioral Reactions and the Character of Audiogenic Seizures in Krushinsky-Molodkina Rat Strain].

In the "open field" test it was found that locomotor activity in Krushinsky-Molodkina rat strain (KM) is higher than in nonlinear animals. At the same time, both groups of animals had the same sex differences: a locomotor activity of females was higher than males. Sex differences in exploratory activities are not inherent for KM rats, while the female outbred animals are significantly higher than males in their level of such activities.

NFLUENCE OF MAST CELLS ON REPARATIVE REGENERATION OF TISSUES WITH DIFFERENT DEGREE OF IMMUNOLOGICAL PRIVILEGES.

It is assumed that tissues with different degree of imminological privileges have a number of distinctions in the processes of reparation. This may be associated with mast cells, which are found in all body tissues of an organism, secrete a wide range of biologically active substances and are important in the regulation of repair processes. This paper present the results of investigations of morphometric parameners and functional activity of mast cells in tissues with varying degrees of immune privilege (skin, testis).

Evaluation of Biodistribution of Functionalized Magnetic Core/Carbon-Shell Nanoparticles in Systemic Method of Administration.

We studied new magnetic nanocomposites consisting of a core(Fe) and carbon-shell inert to biological media. Iron-carbon nanoparticles circulate in the bloodstream for several minutes and are primarily accumulated in the liver; less intensive accumulation was found in the spleen and minimum in the lungs, kidneys, and heart. Accumulation of nanoparticles in the liver leads to the development of destructive processes and is accompanied by activation of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms.

Modulation of macrophages and response of CD117(+) cells of different localization after liver damage in mice.

We studied the effects of stimulation of mononuclear phagocyte system on the state of CD117(+) hepatocytes of growth zone and CD117(+) hemopoietic stem cells after liver damage. Increased number of CD117(+) hepatocytes and enhanced expression of given antigen was revealed. CD117(+) hemopoietic stem cells respond to the impact by migration to the regenerating organ.

Activities of clotting, fibrinolytic, and anticoagulant components of plasma hemostasis in patients with degenerative diseases of large joints.

Analysis of plasma hemostasis parameters was carried out in 110 patients with degenerative diseases of hip or knee joints hospitalized for initial endoprosthetics. Molecular markers of clotting and fibrinolysis and physiological anticoagulants were studied. Activities of all components of plasma hemostasis were normal in 29.

Reaction of CD117+ cells to renal lesion under conditions of phagocytic mononuclear system stimulation.

The content of CD117(+)cells in the kidneys and CD45(low)CD117(+)cells in the bone marrow and blood of mice were studied after partial nephrectomy and under conditions of macrophage stimulation with 3-aminophthalhydrazide. The counts of tubular CD117(+)epitheliocytes sharply increased and the content of CD45(low)CD117(+)cells in the bone marrow decreased after renal damage. Injection of 3-aminophthalhydrazide stimulated the expression of CD117 by renal epitheliocytes and led to reduction of CD45(low)CD117(+)cell counts in the bone marrow and blood.

Modulation of reparative regeneration and CD117 expression by liver cells after partial hepatectomy in mice.

The effects of 3-aminophthalhydrazide and carrageenan on reparative regeneration and expression of CD117 by liver cells after partial hepatectomy were studied in mice. 3-Aminophthalhydrazide stimulated regeneration of the liver and increased the count of CD117(+) hepatocytes. By contrast, carrageenan inhibited liver reparation and CD117 expression.

System of hemopoiesis and morphogenesis.

Method of transplantation of hemopoietic cells is proposed for acceleration of recovery of damaged tissue structures. The morphogenetic effect of transplantation depended on the state of damaged tissue and was determined by not only hemopoietic stem cells, but also lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells.

Role of functional activity of phagocytic mononuclear system in the formation of autoprostheses for angioplasty.

The possibility of formation of connective-tissue vascular prostheses on subcutaneously implanted polychlorovynil base was demonstrated in experiments on rats. Suppression of the function of phagocytic cell with carrageenan decelerates, while its stimulation with tamerit accelerates the formation of connective-tissue autoprostheses.

Changes in erythropoiesis during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

Changes in erythropoiesis during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy depended on functional activity of phagocytosing mononuclear cells.