A mutation in chitin synthase I associated with etoxazole resistance in the citrus red mite Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its uneven geographical distribution in Japan.

Background: High-levels of etoxazole resistance have not yet been frequently reported in Panonychus citri. Although a highly resistant strain was discovered in 2014, etoxazole resistance has not become a significant problem in areas of citrus production in Japan. A target site mutation in chitin synthase 1 (CHS1), I1017F, is a major etoxazole-resistance factor in Tetranychus urticae.

Combination of target site mutation and associated CYPs confers high-level resistance to pyridaben in Tetranychus urticae.

Pyridaben is a mitochondrial electron transport complex I inhibitor. The H110R mutation in the PSST subunit has been reported as a major factor in pyridaben resistance in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. However, backcross experiments revealed that the mutant PSST alone conferred only moderate resistance.