A novel artificial intelligence-assisted "vascular healing" diagnosis for prediction of future clinical relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study (with video).

Background And Aims: Image-enhanced endoscopy has attracted attention as a method for detecting inflammation and predicting outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC); however, the procedure requires specialist endoscopists. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted image-enhanced endoscopy may help nonexperts provide objective accurate predictions with the use of optical imaging. We aimed to develop a novel AI-based system using 8853 images from 167 patients with UC to diagnose "vascular-healing" and establish the role of AI-based vascular-healing for predicting the outcomes of patients with UC.

Impact of computer-aided characterization for diagnosis of colorectal lesions, including sessile serrated lesions: Multireader, multicase study.

Objectives: Computer-aided characterization (CADx) may be used to implement optical biopsy strategies into colonoscopy practice; however, its impact on endoscopic diagnosis remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the additional diagnostic value of CADx when used by endoscopists for assessing colorectal polyps.

Methods: This was a single-center, multicase, multireader, image-reading study using randomly extracted images of pathologically confirmed polyps resected between July 2021 and January 2022.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasms: Risk factors for local recurrence and long-term surveillance.

Objectives: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective procedure for the en bloc resection of colorectal neoplasms. However, risk factors for local recurrence after ESD have not been identified. This study aimed to evaluate such risk factors after ESD for colorectal neoplasms.

Whole slide image-based prediction of lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer using unsupervised artificial intelligence.

Objectives: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) prediction for T1 colorectal cancer (CRC) is critical for determining the need for surgery after endoscopic resection because LNM occurs in 10%. We aimed to develop a novel artificial intelligence (AI) system using whole slide images (WSIs) to predict LNM.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single center study.

Relaxin contributes to the elevation of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in peripheral blood of pregnant canines.

Tolerance towards fetal alloantigens in the maternal immune system is essential for maintaining pregnancy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells characterized by their ability to suppress immune activity and maintain maternal-fetal immune tolerance. However, the mechanisms underlying MDSC induction have not been elucidated.

Molecular and clinicopathological differences between depressed and protruded T2 colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be classified into four consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) according to genomic aberrations and gene expression profiles. CMS is expected to be useful in predicting prognosis and selecting chemotherapy regimens. However, there are still no reports on the relationship between the morphology and CMS.

Use of advanced endoscopic technology for optical characterization of neoplasia in patients with ulcerative colitis: Systematic review.

Objectives: Advances in endoscopic technology, including magnifying and image-enhanced techniques, have been attracting increasing attention for the optical characterization of colorectal lesions. These techniques are being implemented into clinical practice as cost-effective and real-time approaches. Additionally, with the recent progress in endoscopic interventions, endoscopic resection is gaining acceptance as a treatment option in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).

Changes in halitosis value before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication: A single-institutional prospective study.

Background And Aim: Although patients report either improved or worsened halitosis after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, such complaints are subjective. Only a few studies have objectively evaluated reports of changes in halitosis after H. pylori eradication; thus, this study aimed to investigate these changes after a successful H.

Combined endocytoscopy with pit pattern diagnosis in ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasia: Pilot study.

Objectives: Ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasias (UCAN) are often flat with an indistinct boundary from surrounding tissues, which makes differentiating UCAN from non-neoplasias difficult. Pit pattern (PIT) has been reported as one of the most effective indicators to identify UCAN. However, regenerated mucosa is also often diagnosed as a neoplastic PIT.

Depressed Colorectal Cancer: A New Paradigm in Early Colorectal Cancer.

Introduction: In contrast to most colorectal carcinomas arising from pedunculated or sessile protruded adenomas, submucosal-invasive (pT1) colorectal carcinoma exhibiting a depressed surface (hereinafter, "depressed colorectal carcinoma," identified by means of high-definition endoscopy) is considered to be derived from depressed precursors. We hypothesized that depressed colorectal neoplasms have unique clinicopathological features different that are different from those of protruded and flat colorectal neoplasms.

Methods: We classified 27,129 colorectal neoplasms (909 pT1 carcinomas and 26,220 adenomas) resected between 2001 and 2017 into depressed (211 carcinomas and 109 adenomas), flat (304 carcinomas and 11,246 adenomas), and protruded subtypes (394 carcinomas and 14,865 adenomas) and compared their clinicopathological features.

Endocytoscopic intramucosal capillary network changes and crypt architecture abnormalities can predict relapse in patients with an ulcerative colitis Mayo endoscopic score of 1.

Objectives: Recent studies have suggested the necessity of therapeutic intervention for patients with ulcerative colitis at high risk of clinical relapse with a Mayo endoscopic score (MES) of 1. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to demonstrate the impact of intramucosal capillary network changes and crypt architecture abnormalities to stratify the risk of relapse in patients with an MES of 1.

Methods: All included patients had an MES of ≤1 and confirmed sustained clinical remission between October 2016 and April 2019.

Endocytoscopy for the differential diagnosis of colorectal low-grade adenoma: a novel possibility for the "resect and discard" strategy.

Background And Aims: Endocytoscopy, a next-generation endoscopic system, facilitates observation at a maximum magnification of ×520. To our knowledge, no study has reported high-precision diagnosis of colorectal low-grade adenoma, endoscopically. We aimed to reveal which endocytoscopic findings may be used as indicators of low-grade adenoma and to assess whether a "resect and discard" strategy using endocytoscopy is feasible.

GTF2IRD1 on chromosome 7 is a novel oncogene regulating the tumor-suppressor gene TGFβR2 in colorectal cancer.

Chromosome 7q (Ch.7q) is clonally amplified in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to identify oncogenes on Ch.

Oncogenic splicing abnormalities induced by DEAD-Box Helicase 56 amplification in colorectal cancer.

Alternative splicing, regulated by DEAD-Box Helicase (DDX) families, plays an important role in cancer. However, the relationship between the DDX family and cancer has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we identified a candidate oncogene DDX56 on Ch.

Real-Time Use of Artificial Intelligence in Identification of Diminutive Polyps During Colonoscopy: A Prospective Study.

Background: Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for colonoscopy may help endoscopists distinguish neoplastic polyps (adenomas) requiring resection from nonneoplastic polyps not requiring resection, potentially reducing cost.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of real-time CAD with endocytoscopes (×520 ultramagnifying colonoscopes providing microvascular and cellular visualization of colorectal polyps after application of the narrow-band imaging [NBI] and methylene blue staining modes, respectively).

Design: Single-group, open-label, prospective study.

Identification of UHRF2 as a Negative Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Its Clinical Significance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: The involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to identify EMT-related genes associated with TGF-β in ESCC and to clarify the role of these genes in the progression of ESCC.

Methods: EMT-related genes associated with TGF-β expression were identified in patients with ESCC using microarray analysis and public datasets.

Antitumor effects of the antiparasitic agent ivermectin via inhibition of Yes-associated protein 1 expression in gastric cancer.

Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) acts as an oncogene through dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and nuclear accumulation of YAP1 is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer (GC). We previously identified ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug, as a YAP1 inhibitor. Here, we aimed to clarify whether ivermectin had antitumor effects on GC through inhibition of YAP1.

Use of endocytoscopy for identification of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps and hyperplastic polyps by quantitative image analysis of the luminal areas.

Background And Study Aims:  Recent studies that used magnifying chromoendoscopy and endocytoscopy (EC) to investigate endoscopic features of sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/Ps) suggested that a dilated crypt opening was an important indicator of SSA/Ps. However, no studies to date have measured the actual extent of dilatation. Hence, we investigated retrospectively the luminal areas using EC to determine a cutoff value for differentiating SSA/Ps from hyperplastic polyps (HPs).

Phosphoserine Phosphatase Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker on Chromosome 7 in Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Amplification of chromosome 7p (Ch.7p) is common in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to identify potential driver genes on Ch.

miR-146a Polymorphism (rs2910164) Predicts Colorectal Cancer Patients' Susceptibility to Liver Metastasis.

miR-146a plays important roles in cancer as it directly targets NUMB, an inhibitor of Notch signaling. miR-146a is reportedly regulated by a G>C polymorphism (SNP; rs2910164). This polymorphism affects various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC).

[Mechanisms and clinical uses of miRNAs in colorectal cancer].

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are key regulators involved in various tumors. Recently, it has become clear that aberrant miRNA expression has a functional role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Distinct miRNA expression profiles have cancer- specific patterns and are associated with diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic outcome in CRC.