[Extrapyramidal adverse reactions to metoclopramide. A pharmacovigilance survey].

Background: In 2013 the Chilean regulatory sanitary agency issued a warning concerning dose adjustment and use restriction to avoid severe adverse effects of metoclopramide such tardive dyskinesia.

Aim: To study dyskinesia type adverse effects in a population using metoclopramide.

Material And Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted among patients pertaining to palliative care and diabetes mellitus programs and consuming 10 mg/day or more of metoclopramide.

Distinct protein kinases regulate SNAP-25 expression in chromaffin cells.

The contribution of distinct Ca(2+)-sensitive protein kinases to the regulation of the expression of the synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP-25 was examined in bovine chromaffin cells. Prolonged incubation with high K(+) (38 mM) or 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium (DMPP), a nicotinic receptor agonist, significantly increased SNAP-25 protein and mRNA expression, as assessed by immunoblotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Both stimuli preferentially enhanced mRNA coding for the SNAP-25a isoform.