Not only the top: Type I topoisomerases function in multiple tissues and organs development in plants.

Background: DNA topoisomerases (TOPs) are essential components in a diverse range of biological processes including DNA replication, transcription and genome integrity. Although the functions and mechanisms of TOPs, particularly type I TOP (TOP1s), have been extensively studied in bacteria, yeast and animals, researches on these proteins in plants have only recently commenced.

Aim Of Review: In this review, the function and mechanism studies of TOP1s in plants and the structural biology of plant TOP1 are presented, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the current research status of this essential enzyme.

Application of T1-mapping combined with high-spatial-resolution T2-weighted imaging in discriminating mucinous from nonmucinous adenocarcinoma in rectal cancer.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of T1-mapping, high-spatial-resolution T2-weighted imaging (HR-T2WI), and their combined model in distinguishing between adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (AC) and mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) in rectal cancer.

Methods: A total of 55 patients with pathologically confirmed AC and 37 patients with MC were included in the study. Two radiologists independently reviewed the HR-T2WI and provided assessments of histopathological type.

Research on the Mechanisms of Phytohormone Signaling in Regulating Root Development.

Phytohormones are organic compounds produced in trace amounts within plants that regulate their physiological processes. Their physiological effects are highly complex and diverse. They influence processes ranging from cell division, elongation, and differentiation to plant germination and rooting.

Crosstalk among plant hormone regulates the root development.

The plant root absorbs water and nutrients, anchors the plant in the soil, and promotes plant development. Root is developed from root apical meristem (RAM), which is formed during embryo stage and is maintained by dividing stem cells. Plant hormones have a predominant role in RAM maintenance.

Recent advances in response to environmental signals during Arabidopsis root development.

Plants grow by anchoring their roots in the soil, acquiring essential water and nutrients for growth, and interacting with other signaling factors in the soil. Root systems are crucial for both the basic growth and development of plants and their response to external environmental stimuli. Under different environmental conditions, the configuration of root systems in plants can undergo significant changes, with their strength determining the plant's ability to adapt to the environment.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with distinct folate-related metabolites in early and mid-pregnancy: A prospective cohort study.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and circulating folate metabolites, folic acid (FA) intake, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) genotype.

Materials And Methods: A prospective pregnancy cohort study was conducted in Beijing, China, from 2022 to 2023. Circulating folate metabolites, including red blood cell (RBC) 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), 5, 10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-THF), 5- formyltetrahydrofolate (5-CHO-THF), and unmetabolised folic acid (UMFA), and plasma homocysteine (HCY), 5-MTHF, and methylmalonic acid (MMA), were determined at 6-17 weeks and 20-26 weeks of gestation.

Value of orthogonal axial MR images in preoperative T staging of gastric cancer.

Purpose: To assess the value of orthogonal axial images (OAI) of MRI in gastric cancer T staging.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 133 patients (median age, 63 [range, 24-85] years) with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent both CT and MRI followed by surgery. MRI lacking or incorporating OAI and CT images were evaluated, respectively.

The influence of maternal prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain on the umbilical cord blood metabolome: a case-control study.

Background: Maternal overweight/obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are frequently reported to be risk factors for obesity and other metabolic disorders in offspring. Cord blood metabolites provide information on fetal nutritional and metabolic health and could provide an early window of detection of potential health issues among newborns. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of maternal prepregnancy overweight/obesity and excessive GWG on cord blood metabolic profiles.

Plant cuticles repress organ initiation and development during skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.

After germination in the dark, plants produce a shoot apical hook and closed cotyledons to protect the quiescent shoot apical meristem (SAM), which is critical for seedling survival during skotomorphogenesis. The factors that coordinate these processes, particularly SAM repression, remain enigmatic. Plant cuticles, multilayered structures of lipid components on the outermost surface of the aerial epidermis of all land plants, provide protection against desiccation and external environmental stresses.

The association between gestational weight trajectories in women with gestational diabetes and their offspring's weight from birth to 40 months.

Aims: To identify the gestational weight gain (GWG) patterns in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and evaluate their association with offspring weight status from birth to 40 months.

Materials And Methods: This study included 2,723 GDM-mother-child pairs from the Beijing Birth Cohort Study. The association between GWG trajectories identified by the latent class model and offspring weight outcomes from birth to 40 months were evaluated, after adjustment for maternal age, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal height, and blood glucose levels.

MRI-detected tumor deposits in cT3 and cT4 rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Objectives: To evaluate the identification of tumor deposits (TDs) and the prognostic significance of an MRI tumor regression grade for TDs in patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).

Methods: Ninety-one patients with cT3 or cT4 rectal cancer who underwent surgery following nCRT between August 2014 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Changes in pre-nCRT MRI-detected TDs (mrTDs) were described as mrTD regression grade.

Dynamic changes in blood lipid levels and their associations with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in twin pregnancy: A retrospective study.

Background: Little knowledge on the association of blood lipid levels with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in twin pregnancy.

Objective: To investigate the association of blood lipid levels with HDP in twin pregnancy.

Methods: This is a retrospective study in the Beijing Birth Cohort on patients followed between January 2014 and November 2021.

Role of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in predicting severe acute radiation-induced rectal injury in patients with rectal cancer.

Objectives: To explore the potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) quantitative parameters in predicting severe acute radiation-induced rectal injury (RRI) in rectal cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 49 patients with rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and rectal MRI including a DCE-MRI sequence from November 2014 to March 2021. Two radiologists independently measured DCE-MRI quantitative parameters, including the forward volume transfer constant (K), rate constant (k), fractional extravascular extracellular space volume (v), and the thickness of the rectal wall farthest away from the tumor.

Environmental F actors coordinate circadian clock function and rhythm to regulate plant development.

Changes in the external environment necessitate plant growth plasticity, with environmental signals such as light, temperature, and humidity regulating growth and development. The plant circadian clock is a biological time keeper that can be "reset" to adjust internal time to changes in the external environment. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms behind plant acclimation to environmental factors is important for understanding how plant growth and development are shaped and for boosting agricultural production.

MRI for nodal restaging after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer with histopathologic comparison.

Background: After neoadjuvant therapy, most of the lymph nodes (LNs) will shrink and disappear in patients with rectal cancer. However, LNs that are still detectable on MRI carry a risk of metastasis. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) criterion (short-axis diameter ≥ 5 mm) in diagnosing malignant LNs in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy, and whether nodal morphological characteristics (including shape, border, signal homogeneity, and enhancement homogeneity) could improve the diagnostic efficiency for LNs ≥ 5 mm.

Association between serum lipid profile during the first and second trimester of pregnancy as well as their dynamic changes and gestational diabetes mellitus in twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Abnormal lipid metabolism is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in singleton pregnancies. Data were lacking on twin pregnancies with GDM. We explored the association between serum lipid profiles in the first and second trimesters as well as their dynamic changes and GDM in twin pregnancies.

Association of Maternal Plasma Manganese with the Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Nested Case-Control Study Based on the Beijing Birth Cohort Study (BBCS) in China.

We performed this study to clarify the dynamic changes in maternal manganese (Mn) concentration during pregnancy and its association with spontaneous preterm birth (SPB). A nested case-control study was conducted based on the Beijing Birth Cohort Study (BBCS) from 2018 to 2020. Singleton pregnancy women aged 18-44 ( = 488) were involved in the study, including 244 cases of SPB and 244 controls.

A novel gene therapy for methamphetamine- induced cognitive disorder with a hyper-acidified fusion variant of DnaJB1.

Methamphetamine (MA) is spread worldwide and is a highly addictive psychostimulant that can induce neurodegeneration and cognitive disorder, which lacks effective treatments. We and other researchers have found that the crucial member of Hsp70 chaperone machinery, DnaJ, is liable to be co-aggregated with aberrant proteins, which has been confirmed a risk factor to promote neurodegeneration. In the current study, we demonstrated that tailing with a hyper-acidic fusion partner, tua2, human DnaJB1 could resist the formation of toxic mutant Tau aggregates both in prokaryote and eukaryote models.

A model worker: Multifaceted modulation of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 orchestrates plant reproductive phases.

The key phytohormone auxin is involved in practically every aspect of plant growth and development. Auxin regulates these processes by controlling gene expression through functionally distinct AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs). As a noncanonical ARF, ARF3/ETTIN (ETT) mediates auxin responses to orchestrate multiple developmental processes during the reproductive phase.

Variations in the morphological and chemical composition of the rhizomes of species based on a common garden experiment.

species have great potential in fighting chronic and hidden hunger. In this study, five species collected from different populations were cultivated in a common garden for 4 years. The species mainly differed in yield, saponin and polysaccharide contents, stem diameter, leaf width, inflorescence length, and floret inflorescence length.

Maternal and infant outcomes in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in the COVID-19 era in China: Lessons learned.

Aims: The global COVID-19 pandemic has required a drastic transformation of prenatal care services. Whether the reformulation of the antenatal care systems affects maternal and infant outcomes remains unknown. Particularly, women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are among those who bear the greatest brunt.

Quantitative assessment of the microstructure of the mesorectum with different prognostic statuses by intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighed magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: The mesorectum surrounding the rectum provides an ideal substrate for tumour spread. However, preoperative risk assessment is still an issue. This study aimed to investigate the microstructural features of mesorectum with different prognostic statuses by intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM DWI).

Dynamic immune and exosome transcriptomic responses in patients undergoing psychostimulant methamphetamine withdrawal.

Methamphetamine (METH) addiction and withdrawal cause serious harm to both the immune system and nervous system. However, the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the peripheral cytokines and exosomal transcriptome regulatory networks in the patients with METH use disorders (MUDs) undergoing withdrawal.

Multi-omics study reveals associations among neurotransmitter, extracellular vesicle-derived microRNA and psychiatric comorbidities during heroin and methamphetamine withdrawal.

Despite decades of research in the field of substance withdrawal, molecular biomarkers and related mechanistic study have generally been lacking. In addition to known neurotransmitters, circulating miRNAs are found in small vesicles known as exosomes within blood that have diagnostic potential and are known to contribute to psychiatric disorders. The aim of this work was to characterize the changes in neurotransmitter and exosomal miRNA profiles during heroin and methamphetamine withdrawal using a cross-sectional study design, and to determine their associations to psychiatric comorbidities in a large group of patients with substance use disorders (SUDs).