Carotid artery hemodynamics and geometry as predictors of cerebral small vessel disease: insights from 4D flow imaging.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a common condition with complex pathophysiology, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. This study uses four-dimensional flow (4D flow) imaging to examine how carotid artery hemodynamics and geometry impact cSVD development.

Methods: Combining ultrasound, 4D flow, and three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA), we analyzed and measured internal carotid artery (ICA) hemodynamics and geometric parameters.

Hawthorn total flavonoids ameliorate hyperlipidemia through AMPK/SREBP1-c and PPARα/PGC-1α/CPT-1A pathway activation and gut microbiota modulation.

Background: The increased prevalence of hyperlipidemia significantly affects human health worldwide. Although drug treatment is very effective, the harm to the human body cannot be ignored. Improvement of lipid metabolism by natural medicinal and food homologous products is an effective approach to ameliorate hyperlipidemia and it has gradually become a research focus.

A noninvasive comprehensive model based on medium sample size had good diagnostic performance in distinguishing renal fat-poor angiomyolipoma from homogeneous clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic value of a comprehensive model based on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) images for distinguishing fat-poor angiomyolipoma (fp-AML) from homogeneous clear cell renal cell carcinoma (hm-ccRCC).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 27 patients with fp-AML and 63 with hm-ccRCC. Demographic data and conventional CT features of the lesions were recorded (including sex, age, symptoms, lesion location, shape, boundary, unenhanced CT attenuation and so on).

Water fraction of Schizochytrium sp. protein: A functional ingredient with superior gelation properties for sustainable food applications.

In order to assess the potential of fractionated Schizochytrium sp. protein as functional proteins, the proteins were fractionally extracted. The structure, thermal characteristic and cross-linking interaction of proteins, along with the gel properties of heat-induced gels were analyzed and compared to those of albumin from chicken egg white (ACEW).

A conserved protein family in mirid bug Riptortus pedestris plays dual roles in regulating plant immunity.

The mirid bug (Riptortus pedestris), a major soybean pest, migrates into soybean fields during the pod filling stage and causes staygreen syndrome, which leads to substantial yield losses. The mechanism by which R. pedestris elicits soybean (Glycine max) defenses and counter-defenses remains largely unexplored.

Impact of Extrusion Parameters on the Formation of -(Carboxymethyl)lysine, -(Carboxyethyl)lysine and Acrylamide in Plant-Based Meat Analogues.

To investigate the impact of extrusion parameters on the formation of -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), -(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and acrylamide in plant-based meat analogues (PBMAs), the content changes and the correlations of compounds related to their formation were studied. The extrusion promoted CML, CEL and acrylamide formation, with more CEL being formed than CML. Variations in the moisture level and barrel temperature exerted a greater influence on the CML, CEL, acrylamide and α-dicarbonyl compounds than the screw speed and the feed rate.

Organoboron Polymorphs with Different Molecular Packing Modes for Optical Waveguides.

Organoboron compounds offer a new strategy to design optoelectronic materials with high fluorescence efficiency. In this paper, the organoboron compound B-BNBP with double B←N bridged bipyridine bearing four fluorine atoms as core unit is facilely synthesized and exhibits a narrowband emission spectrum and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 86.53 % in solution.

The hemodynamic and geometric characteristics of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Background: Ischemic stroke, which has a high incidence, disability, and mortality rate, is mainly caused by carotid atherosclerotic plaque. The difference in the geometric structures of the carotid arteries inevitably leads to the variability in the local hemodynamics, which plays a key role in the formation of carotid atherosclerosis. At present, the combined mechanisms of hemodynamic and geometric in the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaque are not clear.

Synthesis of Chlorophylls-Doped Guanine Crystals with High Reflection and Depolarization for Green Camouflage Coating.

Hyperspectral imaging technology can record the spatial and spectral information of the targets and significantly enhance the levels of military reconnaissance and target detection. It has scientific importance to mimic "homochromatic and homospectral" camouflage materials that have hyperspectral similarity with the green vegetation, one of the most common natural backgrounds. It is a big challenge to exquisitely simulate the spectral of green vegetation in visible and near-infrared windows because of the slight differences between the artificial green dyes and vegetation, the instability of chlorophylls, and the easy loss of hydroxide bands due to the loss of water from the camouflage materials.

Effect of non-enzymatic browning on oysters during hot air drying process: Color and chemical changes and insights into mechanisms.

Hot air drying (HAD) is an extensive method used on oysters and it causes the most intuitive change, a color change. However, the mechanism of color change remains unclear. This study showed that oysters underwent browning during the HAD process.

Coordination Engineering of Carbon Dots and Mn in Co-Based Phosphides for Highly Efficient Seawater Splitting at Ampere-Level Current Density.

Direct electrolysis of seawater to generate hydrogen is an attractive approach for storing renewable energy. However, direct seawater splitting suffers from low current density and limited operating stability, which severely hinders its industrialization. Herein, a promising strategy is reported to obtain a nano needle-like array catalyst-CDs-Mn-CoP on nickel foam, in which the Mn─O─C bond tightly binds Mn, Carbon dots (CDs), and CoP together.

Biomimetic synthesis of single-crystalline anhydrous xanthine nanoplates in an aqueous solution with high reflectivity.

Biogenic purine crystals can function in vision as light scatters, mirrors, and multilayer reflectors and produce structural colors or depolarization for camouflage. Xanthine crystals form irregular multifocal mirrors in the median ocellus of Archaeognatha. It is important to broaden the study of crystallization strategies to obtain organic crystals with purine rings in the laboratory.

Enantioselective and Band-Gap Modulation in Photocatalysis of Metal-Free Chiral Carbon Dots.

Photodriven chiral catalysis is the combination of photocatalysis and chiral catalysis and is considered one of the cleanest and most efficient methods for the synthesis of chiral compounds or drugs. Furthermore, due to the potential metal contamination associated with most metal-based catalysts, metal-free chiral photocatalysts are ideal candidates. In this work, we demonstrate that metal-free chiral carbon dots (CDs) exhibit size-dependent enantioselective photocatalytic activity.

A clinical-radiomics combined model based on carotid atherosclerotic plaque for prediction of ischemic stroke.

Objectives: To accurately predict the risk of ischemic stroke, we established a radiomics model of carotid atherosclerotic plaque-based high-resolution vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (HR-VWMRI) and combined it with clinical indicators.

Materials And Methods: In total, 127 patients were finally enrolled and randomly divided into training and test cohorts. HR-VWMRI three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and contrast-enhanced T1WI (T1CE) were collected.

MRI Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Lesions in Children With Kawasaki Disease and Their Correlation With Inflammatory Factors.

Background: Ultrasonography (US), as a routine examination for evaluating coronary artery lesions (CAL) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD), has strong subjectivity and limitations. Non-contrast enhanced coronary magnetic resonance angiography (NCE-CMRA) is sensitive and reliable in displaying the segments of coronary arteries (CA).

Purpose: To evaluate the CA using NCE-CMRA, to compare NCE-CMRA with US, and to assess the correlation between KD-related inflammatory factors and the occurrence of CAL.

Identification and Fungicide Sensitivity of spp. Associated with Root Rot of in Shanxi Province, China.

Fusarium root rot is usually classified as an extremely destructive soilborne disease. From 2020 to 2021, Fusarium root rot was observed in production areas and seriously affected the yield and quality of in Shanxi Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics and combined analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequences, 68 isolates obtained in this work were identified as (52.

Carbon dots derived from metformin by electrochemical synthesis with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties.

Due to the advantages of good aqueous dispersion and biocompatibility, carbon dots (CDs) are promising candidates for a wide range of applications in the biological field. Notably, CDs derived from biosafe organic precursors will contribute both new types of CDs and new bioactivities. Herein, metformin (MET), a first-line drug for the treatment of type II diabetes, was selected as an organic precursor to fabricate a new type of CDs, namely, semi-carbonized MET (MCDs).

Asymmetric disturbance and permeabilization of bilayer membranes by 3-nm carbon dots.

Small-sized fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are gaining increasing attention in the field of biomedical applications. The environmental and biological compatibility of positively charged CDs has been extensively investigated; however, the potential cytotoxicity caused by negatively and particularly neutrally charged small CDs has been significantly overlooked. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the cellular membrane disruption effect of weakly negatively charged 3-nm CDs using a combination of various biophysical techniques.

Protective Effects of Mulberry ( Roxb.) Leaf Protein Hydrolysates and Their In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digests on AAPH-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Erythrocytes.

Mulberry leaf protein hydrolysates (HMP), and their in vitro gastrointestinal digests (GHMP), have shown favorable chemical antioxidant activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential protective effects of HMP and GHMP against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes. The inhibition rate of hemolysis, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), the reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSH), and the enzymatic activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and cellular glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated as the biomarkers of oxidative status in human erythrocytes.

Liver protecting effects and molecular mechanisms of icariin and its metabolites.

As a detoxification and metabolism organ, the liver plays a vital role in human health. However, an excessive consumption of drugs and toxins, exposure to pathogenic viruses, and unhealthy living habits can lead to liver damage, which may even develop into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.

Interfacial and Electronic Modulation of W Bridging Heterostructure Between WS and Cobalt-Based Compounds for Efficient Overall Water Splitting.

The development of high performance electrocatalysts for effective hydrogen production is urgently needed. Herein, three hybrid catalysts formed by WS and Co-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives are constructed, in which the small amount of W in the MOFs derivatives acts as a bridge to provide the charge transfer channel and enhance the stability. In addition, the effects of the surface charge distribution on the catalytic performance are fully investigated.

Reducing stigma and improving access to care for people with mental health conditions in the community: protocol for a multi-site feasibility intervention study (Indigo-Local).

Background: Stigma and discrimination towards people with mental health conditions by their communities are common worldwide. This can result in a range of negative outcomes for affected persons, including poor access to health care. However, evidence is still patchy from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on affordable, community-based interventions to reduce mental health-related stigma and to improve access to mental health care.

Green carbon dots derived from Atractylodes macrocephala: A potential nanodrug for treating alcoholic gastric ulcer.

Alcoholic gastric ulcer is a common acute gastric injury disease. The drugs currently used in clinical practice not only cannot fundamentally treat gastric injury, but also have serious side effects. There is an urgent demand for the discovery of a mild drug to treat alcoholic gastric ulcers.