Early referrals save lives in advanced heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic, progressive medical condition that can quickly cause deterioration of the patient's medical and functional status. Delay of HF diagnosis and improper treatment can lead to catastrophic patient outcomes. This case report describes a 62-year-old with HF with reduced ejection fraction secondary to nonischemic cardiomyopathy, s/p cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator in 2020.

Influence of lipids with hydroxyl-containing head groups on Fe2+ (Cu2+)/H2O2-mediated transformation of phospholipids in model membranes.

Under condition of ROS formation in lipid membranes, free radical reactions can proceed in both hydrophobic (peroxidation of lipids, POL) and polar (free radical fragmentation) parts of the bilayer. Free-radical fragmentation is typical for the lipids containing a hydroxyl group in β-position with respect to an ester or amide bond. The present study has been undertaken to investigate free-radical transformations of phospholipids in model membranes containing lipids able to undergo fragmentation in their polar part.

Fragmentation of mitochondrial cardiolipin by copper ions in the Atp7b-/- mouse model of Wilson's disease.

Cellular copper overload as found in Wilson's disease may disturb mitochondrial function and integrity. Atp7b(-/-) mice accumulate copper in the liver and serve as an animal model for this inherited disease. The molecular mechanism of copper toxicity in hepatocytes is poorly understood.

Under-triage as a significant factor affecting transfer time between the emergency department and the intensive care unit.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to identify factors that affect transfer times between the emergency department and the intensive care unit (ICU) in a community hospital. Patients who are transferred from the emergency department to the ICU are usually in critical condition and in need of prompt treatment by qualified personnel. As a result of delayed transfers, a patient may experience complications, such as increased mortality rates and longer hospital stays.

Free radical fragmentation of cardiolipin by cytochrome c.

The effect of cytochrome c (cyt c) on degradation of cardiolipin in its polar part was investigated in cardiolipin/phosphatidylcholine (CL/PC) liposomes incubated with cyt c/H(2)O(2)/and (or) ascorbate by high-performance thin layer chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. It has been shown that phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylhydroxyacetone (PHA) were formed in the system under conditions where hydrogen peroxide favours a release of heme iron from cyt c. The formation of PA and PHA occurs via an OH-induced fragmentation taking place in the polar moiety of cardiolipin.

Formation of phosphatidic acid in stressed mitochondria.

Mitochondria are an important intracellular source of ROS as well as a sensitive target for oxidative damage under certain pathological conditions such as iron or copper overload. Mitochondrial membranes are rich in the tetraacyl phospholipid cardiolipin. Its integrity is important for efficient oxidative phosphorylation.

Iron-mediated free-radical formation of signaling lipids in a model system.

It has been shown using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and its combination with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) that the action of the ascorbate/Fe(2+)/H(2)O(2) oxidizing system on cardiolipin and galactocerebroside results in the formation of phosphatidic acid (PA) and ceramide (Cer), respectively. These data, when combined with results obtained on radiolysis of similar substances, allowed the conclusion that the formation of PA and Cer occurs via an OH-induced fragmentation taking place in polar moiety of the starting substrates.

Free-radical fragmentation of galactocerebrosides: a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry study.

Analysis of final products of radiation-induced transformations of galactocerebrosides (GalCer) in aqueous dispersions has been performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and its combination of thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Ceramides were found to be the main products of GalCer gamma-radiolysis. From experimental results obtained in this study, as well as from the data available in the literature, an inference is made that the formation of ceramides occurs owing to fragmentation of radicals with an unpaired electron of the C2 atom of the carbohydrate moiety, formed from the starting compounds.

Radiation-induced free-radical transformation of phospholipids: MALDI-TOF MS study.

Under the action of free-radical reaction initiators on membrane phospholipids, complex processes are taking place in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the phospholipids. Realization of these processes results in a mixture consisting of the initial lipids and their peroxidation and fragmentation products. Identification of compounds in such mixtures requires analytical methods of high sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy to be applied.

Novel (3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-phenylcarbamoyl)-alkanoic acids as potent antioxidants.

A series of novel phenolic antioxidants of amphiphilic structure has been synthesized. Investigations into the influence of aliphatic spacer length and nature of a hydrophilic anchor on the antioxidant activity allowed elucidating certain structure requirements for the membrane-addressed antioxidant designing.

Radiation-induced fragmentation of cardiolipin in a model membrane.

Purpose: To obtain evidence for the possibility of free-radical fragmentation of cardiolipin under the action of ionizing radiation as measured by its aqueous dispersion from liposomes.

Materials And Methods: Liposomes of tetramyristoylcardiolipin (TMCL) were exposed to gamma-rays from 60Co or 137Cs sources at doses between 1 and 24kGy. Fragmentation products were identified using thin-layer chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).

Formation of phosphatidic acid, ceramide, and diglyceride on radiolysis of lipids: identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

By use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, phosphatidic acid was found to be the main product of gamma radiolysis of cardiolipin, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol. It has been shown that gamma irradiation of such glycolipids as cerebroside and galactosyl diglyceride leads to formation of ceramide and diglyceride, respectively. These findings, combined with those obtained earlier, allowed an assumption to be made that, owing to radiation-induced free radical fragmentation of lipids in their polar moiety, formation of signaling molecules can occur.

Synthesis and properties of 11-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl)undecanoic acid, a new amphiphilic antioxidant.

Based on the membrane addressing concept, designing and synthesis of 11-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenylcarbamoyl)undecanoic acid have been carried out. Antioxidant properties of the prepared compound were investigated in comparison with its non-amphiphilic analogues.

Quinones as free-radical fragmentation inhibitors in biologically important molecules.

Effects of a number of quinones and diphenols of various structures on free-radical fragmentation processes taking place in alpha-diols, glycerol, 2-aminoethanol, glycero-1-phosphate, ethylene glycol monobutyrate, maltose, and some lipids were investigated. Quinone additions have been found to change the direction of free-radical transformations of the compounds cited above by inhibiting formation of the respective fragmentation products owing to oxidation of radicals of the starting compounds. The results obtained and literature data available allow a suggestion to be made that the system quinone/diphenol is able to not only deactivate or generate such active species as O2.

Radiation-induced peroxidation and fragmentation of lipids in a model membrane.

Purpose: To ascertain the possibility of fragmentation processes in lipid membranes when acted upon with gamma-radiation under various conditions, and to evaluate fragmentation processes quantitatively in comparison with the lipid peroxidation processes.

Materials And Methods: Phospholipids as components of multilamellar liposomes exposed to 137Cs gamma-rays at dose-rates of 0.06 and 0.

The damage to phospholipids caused by free radical attack on glycerol and sphingosine backbone.

The effect of gamma-radiation on aqueous solutions of saturated phospholipids, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (DPPG), 1-palmitoyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lysoPC), and bovine brain sphingomyelin (SM) has been investigated. It is shown that the phospholipids with an OH group in beta-position to the P-O bond (DPPG and lysoPC), or to the amide bond (SM), undergo a free radical fragmentation. As a result of such fragmentation, stearoylamide, palmitoxyacetone and phosphatidic acid are formed from SM, lysoPC and DPPG, respectively.