Comparative analysis of non-coding and coding DNA mutations in flat urothelial lesions: biological implications and insights.

Recent research in urothelial carcinoma (UC) has focused on coding mutations, leaving the significance of non-coding mutations unexplored. This study aims to evaluate non-coding DNA mutation frequencies compared to coding regions in normal urothelium and flat lesions, exploring their implications for tumor biology. Using targeted next-generation sequencing with UC-related gene panel, we analyzed non-coding and coding DNA mutation frequencies across 119 samples of flat urothelium encompassing various lesion types.

Small sized centroblasts as poor prognostic factor in follicular lymphoma - Based on artificial intelligence analysis.

Histological assessment of centroblasts is an important evaluation in the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma, but there is substantial observer variation in assessment among hematopathologists. We aimed to perform quantitative morphological analysis of centroblasts in follicular lymphoma using new artificial intelligence technology in relation to the clinical prognosis. Hematoxylin and eosin slides of lesions were prepared from 36 cases of follicular lymphoma before initial chemotherapy.

Artificial Intelligence Detected the Relationship Between Nuclear Morphological Features and Molecular Abnormalities of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid carcinoma and has characteristic nuclear features. Genetic abnormalities of PTC affect recent molecular target therapeutic strategy towards RET-altered cases, and they affect clinical prognosis and progression. However, there has been insufficient objective analysis of the correlation between genetic abnormalities and nuclear features.

Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing of Flat Urothelial Lesions Reveals Putative Pathobiological Pathways, Potential Biomarkers, and Rational Therapeutic Targets.

Flat urothelial lesions are controversial diagnostic and prognostic urologic entities whose importance relies mainly on their ability to progress to muscle-invasive tumors via urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS). However, the carcinogenetic progression of preneoplastic flat urothelial lesions is not well established. Moreover, predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets of the highly recurrent and aggressive urothelial CIS lesion are lacking.

Use of Artificial Intelligence for the Interpretable Prediction of the Pathologic Diagnosis and Molecular Abnormalities of Flat Urothelial Lesions.

Flat urothelial lesions are important because of their potential for carcinogenesis and development into invasive urothelial carcinomas. However, it is difficult for pathologists to detect early flat urothelial changes and accurately diagnose flat urothelial lesions. To predict the pathologic diagnosis and molecular abnormalities of flat urothelial lesions from pathologic images, artificial intelligence with an interpretable method was used.

Pathologic Image Classification of Flat Urothelial Lesions Using Pathologic Criteria-Based Deep Learning.

Objectives: Pathologic diagnosis of flat urothelial lesions is subject to high interobserver variability. We expected that deep learning could improve the accuracy and consistency of such pathologic diagnosis, although the learning process is a black box. We therefore propose a new approach for pathologic image classification incorporating the diagnostic process of the pathologist into a deep learning method.

Renal Leukemic Infiltration Overlapping Acute Focal Bacterial Nephritis during Myelodysplastic Syndrome: An Autopsy Case Report.

Renal leukemic infiltration is uncommon in myeloid neoplasms, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). A 76-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever and dyspnea. He was diagnosed with MDS with multilineage dysplasia and acute focal bacterial nephritis (AFBN) based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigations.

Intrathoracic lipoma of the chest wall that appeared relatively rapidly and could be resected and diagnosed by minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery: A case report.

The occurrence of lipoma in the thoracic cavity is relatively rare, and it is clinically difficult to distinguish it from liposarcoma. We report a case of intrathoracic lipoma that was pathologically diagnosed and differentiated from liposarcoma after minimally invasive thoracoscopic tumour resection. A 35-year-old male patient without any symptoms was referred to our hospital due to an abnormal shadow on chest x-ray.

Immune Cells Profiles in the Different Sites of COVID-19-Affected Lung Lobes in a Single Patient.

Whereas the COVID-19 disease pathophysiology is under investigation, it is important to identify the pathways of viral transmission and inflammation from the pre-illness to the disease-onset stages. We analyzed five lung lobes from a patient with COVID-19 who finally died after prolonged lung protective ventilation. Pathological examination revealed moderate inflammation in upper lung lobes and uneven yet severe inflammation and diffuse alveolar damage in lower lung lobes.

Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics of Macroscopically Yellowish-Colored Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Compared to Non-Yellowish-Colored Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Each histological variant of renal cell tumors has a unique color. The yellowish color of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) is explained by the presence of intracytoplasmic lipid and glycogen accumulation. Color changes in CCRCC are correlated with clinicopathological and metabolic changes, as well as biological behavior.

Paneth-like cells in renal cell carcinomas and in cysts associated with acquired cystic kidney disease: Clinicopathologic analysis, comparative study and description of precursor lesions.

Paneth-like cells (PLCs) are different from Paneth cells (PCs) and contain Paneth-like granules, which have been reported in non-neoplastic conditions and in neoplasms of various organs. PLCs have been reported in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), but not in non-CCRCC, including acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma (ACD-RCC). We analyzed clinicopathological features of 24 acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma (ACD-RCC) with PLCs (ACD-RCCP+) and compared with those of 23 ACD-RCCs without PLCs (ACD-RCCP-).

Novel Application of Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Detection of Gene Translocation.

Identification of fusion genes in cancer is essential for pathological diagnosis and clinical therapy. Although methods for detection of fusion genes, such as fluorescence hybridization (FISH) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have been developed in last two decades, these methods are not ideal for detection of these genetic alterations owing to their high cost and time-consuming procedures. In this study, we developed novel application for detection of gene translocations using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP).