Effect of degalactosylated bovine glycoprotein formulations MAF and M сapsules on lymphopenia and clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Targeting mucosal immunity of the gut, which is known to provide antigen processing, while avoiding excessive or unnecessary inflammation, was tested as a way to modulate COVID-19 severity.

Methods: Randomized open-label trial in 204 adults hospitalized with non-critical COVID-19 who received for 14 days in addition to standard of care (SOC) degalactosylated bovine glycoproteins formulations of either MAF capsules (MAF group) or M capsules (M group) or SOC only (control group).

Results: Median recovery time when patients did not require supplemental oxygen was 6 days in both study groups compared to 9 days in the control (MAF vs.

1,2,3-Triazine formation mechanism of the fairy chemical 2-azahypoxanthine in the fairy ring-forming fungus .

2-Azahypoxanthine (AHX) was first isolated from the culture broth of the fungus as a fairy ring-inducing compound. It has since been found that a large number of plants and mushrooms produce AHX endogenously and that AHX has beneficial effects on plant growth. The AHX molecule has an unusual, nitrogen-rich 1,2,3-triazine moiety of unknown biosynthetic origin.