A Novel Small RNA on the KT2440 Chromosome Is Involved in the Fitness Cost Imposed by IncP-1 Plasmid RP4.

Plasmids can provide advantageous traits to host bacteria, although they may impose a fitness cost. Chromosome-encoded factors are important for regulating the expression of genes on plasmids, and host chromosomes may differ in terms of their interactions with a given plasmid. Accordingly, differences in fitness cost loading and compensatory co-evolution may occur for various host chromosome/plasmid combinations.

The Usefulness of Prasugrel as Rescue Medication in Neuroendovascular Therapy.

Objective: In neuroendovascular therapy, clopidogrel resistance and thrombosis are common problems. In such cases, we use prasugrel as rescue medication, and we clarified its usefulness.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 199 consecutive cases of neuroendovascular therapy performed at our hospital from April 2016 to March 2018, and examined the safety and effectiveness of prasugrel.

Divalent cations increase the conjugation efficiency of the incompatibility P-7 group plasmid pCAR1 among different Pseudomonas hosts.

The incompatibility (Inc) P-7 group plasmid pCAR1 can be efficiently transferred among bacteria in artificial microcosms in the presence of divalent cations Ca and Mg. One-on-one mating assays between Pseudomonas strains with different plasmids showed that the promotion of conjugation efficiency by divalent cations was exhibited in other plasmids, including pB10 and NAH7; however, this effect was larger in IncP-7 plasmids. The impact on pCAR1 conjugation differed according to donor-recipient pairs, and conjugation efficiency promotion was clearly detected between the donors P.

Postpartum infective endocarditis with Enterococcus faecalis in Japan: a case report.

Background: The clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis include the presence of predisposing cardiac disease, a history of illegal drug use, and high morbidity in the elderly. Only a few cases of the disease after delivery have been reported in the literature. We describe here a first case of enterococcal postpartum infective endocarditis without underlying disease in Japan.

Bacterial DNA Detected in Japanese Rice Wines and the Fermentation Starters.

As Japanese rice wine (sake) brewing is not done aseptically, bacterial contamination is conceivable during the process of sake production. There are two types of the fermentation starter, sokujo-moto and yamahai-moto (kimoto). We identified bacterial DNA found in various sakes, the sokujo-moto and the yamahai-moto making just after sake yeast addition.

Application of polydimethylsiloxane-based optical system for measuring optical density of microbial culture.

The performance of recently developed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based optical system was tested for measuring optical density of microbial culture. The data showed that PDMS-based spectrometer is superior to "one drop" spectrometers in the accuracy, and has an advantage over conventional spectrometers in measuring dense culture without dilution.

Effects of carbazole-degradative plasmid pCAR1 on biofilm morphology in Pseudomonas putida KT2440.

Bacteria typically form biofilms under natural conditions. To elucidate the effect of the carriage of carbazole-degradative plasmid pCAR1 on biofilm formation by host bacteria, we compared the biofilm morphology, using confocal laser scanning microscopy, of three pCAR1-free and pCAR1-carrying Pseudomonas hosts: P. putida KT2440, P.

MvaT Family Proteins Encoded on IncP-7 Plasmid pCAR1 and the Host Chromosome Regulate the Host Transcriptome Cooperatively but Differently.

MvaT proteins are members of the H-NS family of proteins in pseudomonads. The IncP-7 conjugative plasmid pCAR1 carries an mvaT-homologous gene, pmr. In Pseudomonas putida KT2440 bearing pCAR1, pmr and the chromosomally carried homologous genes, turA and turB, are transcribed at high levels, and Pmr interacts with TurA and TurB in vitro.

A pathological study of the salivary glands of rabid dogs in the Philippines.

Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus. While the salivary glands are important as exit and propagation sites for the rabies virus, the mechanisms of rabies excretion remain unclear. Here, we investigated the histopathology of the salivary glands of rabid dogs and analyzed the mechanism of excretion into the oral cavity.

Draft Genome Sequence of the Archiascomycetous Yeast Saitoella complicata.

The draft genome sequence of the archiasomycetous yeast Saitoella complicata was determined. The assembly of newly and previously sequenced data sets resulted in 104 contigs (total of 14.1 Mbp; N 50, 239 kbp).

Effects of three different nucleoid-associated proteins encoded on IncP-7 plasmid pCAR1 on host Pseudomonas putida KT2440.

Nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs), which fold bacterial DNA and influence gene transcription, are considered to be global transcriptional regulators of genes on both plasmids and the host chromosome. Incompatibility P-7 group plasmid pCAR1 carries genes encoding three NAPs: H-NS family protein Pmr, NdpA-like protein Pnd, and HU-like protein Phu. In this study, the effects of single or double disruption of pmr, pnd, and phu were assessed in host Pseudomonas putida KT2440.

Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming motility by 1-naphthol and other bicyclic compounds bearing hydroxyl groups.

Many bacteria convert bicyclic compounds, such as indole and naphthalene, to oxidized compounds, including hydroxyindoles and naphthols. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous bacterium that inhabits diverse environments, shows pathogenicity against animals, plants, and other microorganisms, and increasing evidence has shown that several bicyclic compounds alter the virulence-related phenotypes of P. aeruginosa.

Modulation of primary cell function of host Pseudomonas bacteria by the conjugative plasmid pCAR1.

The impacts of plasmid carriage on the host cell were comprehensively analysed using the conjugative plasmid pCAR1 in three different Pseudomonas hosts, P. putida KT2440, P. aeruginosa PAO1 and P.

Alterations of RNA maps of IncP-7 plasmid pCAR1 in various Pseudomonas bacteria.

RNA transcripts from 199-kb incompatibility P-7 plasmid pCAR1 were analyzed using microarrays with evenly tiled probes with a nine-nucleotide offset in six different Pseudomonas host strains. We re-annotated 12 ORFs based on their RNA maps and on the comparisons with other sequenced IncP-7 plasmids. Ninety six of two hundred ORFs were identified on the IncP-7 backbone related to basic functions of the plasmid (replication, partition and conjugative transfer).

Pmr, a histone-like protein H1 (H-NS) family protein encoded by the IncP-7 plasmid pCAR1, is a key global regulator that alters host function.

Histone-like protein H1 (H-NS) family proteins are nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) conserved among many bacterial species. The IncP-7 plasmid pCAR1 is transmissible among various Pseudomonas strains and carries a gene encoding the H-NS family protein, Pmr. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a host of pCAR1, which harbors five genes encoding the H-NS family proteins PP_1366 (TurA), PP_3765 (TurB), PP_0017 (TurC), PP_3693 (TurD), and PP_2947 (TurE).

The behavior and significance of degradative plasmids belonging to Inc groups in Pseudomonas within natural environments and microcosms.

Over the past few decades, degradative plasmids have been isolated from bacteria capable of degrading a variety of both natural and man-made compounds. Degradative plasmids belonging to three incompatibility (Inc) groups in Pseudomonas (IncP-1, P-7, and P-9) have been well studied in terms of their replication, maintenance, and capacity for conjugative transfer. The host ranges of these plasmids are determined by replication or conjugative transfer systems.

Response of the Pseudomonas host chromosomal transcriptome to carriage of the IncP-7 plasmid pCAR1.

Plasmid carriage requires appropriate expression of the genes on the plasmid or host chromosome through cooperative transcriptional regulation. To clarify the impact of plasmid carriage on the host chromosome, we compared the chromosomal RNA maps of plasmid-free and plasmid-containing host strains using the incompatibility group P-7 archetype plasmid pCAR1, which is involved in carbazole degradation, and three distinct Pseudomonas strains. The possession of pCAR1 altered gene expression related to the iron acquisition systems in each host.

Carbazole-degradative IncP-7 plasmid pCAR1.2 is structurally unstable in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1, which accumulates catechol, the intermediate of the carbazole degradation pathway.

We determined the effect of the host on the function and structure of the nearly identical IncP-7 carbazole-degradative plasmids pCAR1.1 and pCAR1.2.

The complete nucleotide sequence of pCAR2: pCAR2 and pCAR1 were structurally identical IncP-7 carbazole degradative plasmids.

pCAR1 and pCAR2 are IncP-7 self-transmissible carbazole degradative plasmids. Their respective hosts showed clearly different conjugative host ranges. Their complete nucleotide sequences were virtually the same, and can be regarded as structurally the same plasmid, indicating that the difference in the conjugative host range was caused by host cell backgrounds.