Mammalian X and Y chromosomes evolved from a pair of autosomes. Although most ancestral genes have been lost from the Y chromosome, a small number of ancestral X-Y gene pairs are still present on the sex chromosomes. The KDM5C and KDM5D genes, which encode H3K4 histone demethylases, are a surviving ancestral gene pair located on the X and Y chromosomes, respectively.
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