Understanding the genetic basis of neuro-related proteins is essential for dissecting the molecular basis of human behavioural traits and the disease aetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here the SCALLOP Consortium conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of over 12,000 individuals for 184 neuro-related proteins in human plasma. The analysis identified 125 cis-regulatory protein quantitative trait loci (cis-pQTL) and 164 trans-pQTL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlycans are an essential structural component of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that modulate its structure and function. However, regulatory mechanisms behind this complex posttranslational modification are not well known. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 29 genomic regions involved in regulation of IgG glycosylation, but only a few were functionally validated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConventional measurements of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) cannot capture the effects of DNA variability on 'around the clock' glucoregulatory processes. Here we show that GWAS meta-analysis of glucose measurements under nonstandardized conditions (random glucose (RG)) in 476,326 individuals of diverse ancestries and without diabetes enables locus discovery and innovative pathophysiological observations. We discovered 120 RG loci represented by 150 distinct signals, including 13 with sex-dimorphic effects, two cross-ancestry and seven rare frequency signals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic back pain (CBP) is a complex heritable trait and a major cause of disability worldwide. We developed and validated a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) for CBP using a large-scale GWAS based on UK Biobank participants of European ancestry (N = 265,000). The PRS showed poor overall predictive ability (AUC = 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground Context: Chronic back pain (CBP) is a common debilitating condition with substantial societal impact. While understanding genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions may be crucial to achieving the goals of personalized medicine, there are few large-scale studies investigating this topic for CBP. None of them systematically explore multiple CBP risk factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground Context: Cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type II diabetes) have been proposed as risk factors for back pain. However, few longitudinal studies have found significant associations between cardiovascular risk factors and back pain, and these may be explained by confounding or reverse causation.
Purpose: To examine potential causal effects of cardiovascular risk factors on back pain, and vice versa.
Back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide, yet surprisingly, little is known regarding the biology underlying this condition. The impact of genetics is known for chronic back pain: its heritability is estimated to be at least 40%. Large genome-wide association studies have shown that common variation may account for up to 35% of chronic back pain heritability; rare variants may explain a portion of the heritability not explained by common variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe problem of isolating high-quality total RNA from intervertebral discs has no recognized solution yet. This is due to the extremely low content of live cells in the samples and the voluminous intercellular matrix. A variety of published protocols focused on isolating RNA from articular cartilage have recommended the use of expensive equipment, enzymatic matrix cleavage, or cell culture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Risk factors for chronic back pain (CBP) may share underlying genetic factors, making them difficult to study using conventional methods. We conducted a bi-directional Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to examine the causal effects of risk factors (education, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep and depression) on CBP and the causal effect of CBP on the same risk factors.
Methods: Genetic instruments for risk factors and CBP were obtained from the largest published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of risk factor traits conducted in individuals of European ancestry.
Being one of the most dynamic entities in the human body, glycosylation of proteins fine-tunes the activity of the organismal machinery, including the immune system, and mediates the interaction with the human microbial consortium, typically represented by the gut microbiome. Using data from 194 healthy individuals, we conducted an associational study to uncover potential relations between the gut microbiome and the blood plasma N-glycome, including N-glycome of immunoglobulin G. While lacking strong linkages on the multivariate level, we were able to identify associations between alpha and beta microbiome diversity and the blood plasma N-glycome profile.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) disease is one of the main risk factors for low back pain and a leading cause of population absenteeism and disability worldwide. Despite a variety of biological studies, lumbar DD is not yet fully understood, partially because there are only few studies that use systematic and integrative approaches. This urges the need for studies that integrate different omics (including genomics and transcriptomics) measured on samples within a single cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe present ANANASTRA, https://ananastra.autosome.org, a web server for the identification and annotation of regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with allele-specific binding events.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Understanding the influence of genetic variants on DNA methylation is fundamental for the interpretation of epigenomic data in the context of disease. There is a need for systematic approaches not only for determining methylation quantitative trait loci (methQTL), but also for discriminating general from cell type-specific effects.
Results: Here, we present a two-step computational framework MAGAR ( https://bioconductor.
Although changes in protein glycosylation are observed in a wide range of diseases and pathological states, the examples of use of glycans as biomarkers and therapeutic targets are limited. This is not in small part because the understanding of human glycome regulation in vivo is incomplete and fragmented. Combination of human glycomics and genomics offers a powerful "data-driven hypotheses" approach to dissect the complex human glycobiology in vivo in an agnostic manner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIdentifying genetic risk factors for lumbar spine disorders may lead to knowledge regarding underlying mechanisms and the development of new treatments. We conducted a genome-wide association study involving 100,811 participants with genotypes and longitudinal electronic health record data from the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics Network and Geisinger Health. Cases and controls were defined using validated algorithms and clinical diagnostic codes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) affects its structure and function. It has been demonstrated that IgG N-glycosylation patterns are inherited as complex quantitative traits. Genome-wide association studies identified loci harboring genes encoding enzymes directly involved in protein glycosylation as well as loci likely to be involved in regulation of glycosylation biochemical pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ever-growing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed widespread pleiotropy. To exploit this, various methods that jointly consider associations of a genetic variant with multiple traits have been developed. Most efforts have been made concerning improving GWAS discovery power.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome-wide association studies have provided a vast array of publicly available SNP × phenotype association results. However, they are often in disparate repositories and formats, making downstream analyses difficult and time consuming. PheLiGe (https://phelige.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex differences for chronic back pain (cBP) have been reported, with females usually exhibiting greater morbidity, severity, and poorer response to treatment. Genetic factors acting in an age-specific manner have been implicated but never comprehensively explored. We performed sex- and age-stratified genome-wide association study and single nucleotide polymorphism-by-sex interaction analysis for cBP defined as "Back pain for 3+ months" in 202,077 males and 237,754 females of European ancestry from UK Biobank.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome-wide association studies have led to a significant progress in identification of genomic loci affecting coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, revealing the causal genes responsible for the observed associations is challenging. In the present study, we aimed to prioritize CAD-relevant genes based on cumulative evidence from the published studies and our own study of colocalization between eQTLs and loci associated with CAD using SMR/HEIDI approach.
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