Effect of probiotics on mother-to-neonate vertical transmission of group B streptococci: A prospective open-label randomized study.

Background: Group B Streptococci (GBS) are common vaginal bacteria found in 20-30% of pregnant women and a significant cause of invasive infections in newborns. Recently, attention has been focused on the efficacy of probiotics during the perinatal period. However, the effect of probiotic intake on the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of GBS remains unknown.

A Case of Neonate with Split Cord Malformation Presenting with Hypoplasia of the Left Lower Extremity.

The frequency of split cord malformation (SCM) is approximately 1 in 5000 births; however, patients are rarely diagnosed with SCM in the neonatal period. Moreover, there have been no reports of SCM with hypoplasia of the lower extremities at birth. A 3-day-old girl was transferred to our hospital for a thorough examination of hypoplasia of the left lower extremity and lumbosacral abnormalities detected after birth.

Characteristics and antimicrobial choice of pediatric bacterial enteritis in the Kanto region of Japan: A multicenter retrospective observational study.

Introduction: There are few reports on the causative microorganisms of bacterial enteritis in children in Japan in recent years. The distribution of causative microorganisms is important for estimating pathogens and making decisions regarding the treatment plan, as antimicrobial agents are not required for mild bacterial enteritis cases but are used for severe cases or immunocompromised patients.

Methods: We retrospectively surveyed pediatric patients who underwent stool culture at eight hospitals in the Kanto region of Japan from 2014 to 2019 for patient characteristics, causative microorganisms, and prescribed antimicrobial agents.