Photoperiod Following Inoculation of Arabidopsis with (syn. ) Influences on the Plant-Pathogen Interaction.

In plant-pathogen interactions, a proper light environment affects the establishment of defense responses in plants. In our previous experiments, we found that nonhost resistance (NHR) to Cav. in (L.

CCA1 and LHY contribute to nonhost resistance to (syn. ) in .

The circadian clock enables plants to adapt to their environment and control numerous physiological processes, including plant-pathogen interactions. However, it is unknown if the circadian clock controls nonhost resistance (NHR) in plants. To find out, we analyzed microarray data with the web-based tool DIURNAL to reveal that NHR-related genes show rhythmic expression patterns in the absence of a pathogen challenge.

Luminal Na homeostasis has an important role in intestinal peptide absorption in vivo.

Intestinal cell line studies indicated luminal Na homeostasis is essential for proton-coupled peptide absorption, because the driving force of PepT1 activity is supported by the apical Na/H exchanger NHE3. However, there is no direct evidence demonstrating the importance of in vivo luminal Na for peptide absorption in animal experiments. To investigate the relationship between luminal Na homeostasis and peptide absorption, we took advantage of claudin 15-deficient (cldn15) mice, whereby Na homeostasis is disrupted.

Leaf age and time of inoculation contribute to nonhost resistance to in .

The outcome of plant-pathogen interactions varies both with developmental stage and time of day. Rice blast caused by (syn. ) is a devastating disease of rice.