Autonomous or controlled interpreters? Model of internalization for classical musicians.

Self-regulated learning-a cyclical process in which a learner sets a goal, monitors, and self-reflects on one's learning to set the next goal-is vital in instrumental learning. However, many conservatory students fail to initiate self-regulated learning; they take lessons passively, practice ineffectively, and fail to give satisfactory performance. These learning experiences could harm students' well-being, and physical and mental health problems are widespread among students.

Cross-cultural examination of beliefs about the causes of bulimia nervosa among Australian and Japanese females.

Objective: To identify similarities and differences in beliefs about the causes of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) held by Asian (Japanese) women and Western (Australian) women, and hence, to examine the applicability of belief models of eating disorders (ED) across different cultures.

Method: Four hundred three Japanese and 256 Australian female university students (aged 17-35 years) completed a questionnaire that gauged beliefs about the causes of BN.

Results: Among the Australian women, the four-component structure of perceived causes (dieting and eating practices, family dynamics, socio-cultural pressure, and psychological vulnerability) found in Dryer et al.