Lifestyle behaviors that reduce food and fat intake in patients with type 2 diabetes within 3 months of diagnosis lead to a reduction in the HbA1c level after 12 months.

It is important to provide "Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support," the ongoing process of facilitating the knowledge, skills, and ability necessary for diabetes self-care, immediately after diagnosis. In this 12-month (12 M) longitudinal observational study, outpatients within 3 months of their first diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were surveyed at baseline (BL) and 12 M using a self-administered questionnaire used in the "Lifestyle Intervention Support Software for Diabetes Prevention" and medical record survey. To explore factors associated with the change extent in HbA1c level during the 12 M post-diagnosis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed with sex, age, HbA1c level at BL, medication in the first 12 M post-diagnosis, and lifestyle behaviors related to diet and exercise therapy as independent variables.

Incidence and Prevalence of Infectious Diseases and Their Risk Factors among Patients Who Use Visiting Nursing Services in Japan.

This study aimed to clarify the incidence of infectious diseases and the associated risk factors among patients who use visiting nursing services in Japan. We conducted a one-year follow up cohort study with 419 participants. The incidence and period prevalence rate of infectious diseases were 0.

Perceptions of physicians and nurses concerning advanced care planning for patients with heart failure in Japan.

Background: The importance of advance care planning (ACP) has been recognized in the palliative care of patients with heart failure. It is necessary for dissemination of ACP to characterize the perceptions of physicians and nurses towards ACP and to promote mutual understanding. The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptions of physicians and nurses concerning ACP for patients with heart failure.

Self-management behavior concerning physical activity of Japanese type 2 diabetes patients, characterized by sex, daily energy intake and body mass index.

Objectives: We assess differences in physical activity self-management behavior in association with dietary intake and BMI between the sexes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes ( = 145) completed a self-administrated questionnaire. Patients were classified into four groups by BMI and dietary intake: non-obesity and non-overeating (NO/NOE); non-obesity and overeating (NO/OE); obesity and non-overeating (O/NOE); obesity and overeating (O/OE).

Computer-supported indirect-form lifestyle-modification support program using Lifestyle Intervention Support Software for Diabetes Prevention (LISS-DP) for people with a family history of type 2 diabetes in a medical checkup setting: a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To investigate the effect of a computer-supported indirect-form lifestyle-modification program using Lifestyle Intervention Support Software for Diabetes Prevention (LISS-DP), as a clinically feasible strategy for primary prevention, on diet and physical activity habits in adults with a family history of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This was a two-arm, randomized controlled trial: (1) lifestyle intervention (LI) group (n=70); (2) control (n=71). Healthy adults aged 30-60 years with a history of type 2 diabetes among their first-degree relatives were recruited.

Development of an evaluation scale for self-management behavior related to physical activity of patients with coronary heart disease.

Background: To provide patients with effective self-management education that takes their lifestyle into account, medical personnel need to provide education and evaluation of self-management behaviors which patients can apply to their daily life.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the evaluation scale for self-management behavior related to physical activity of patients with coronary heart disease (ES-SMBPA-CHD).

Methods And Results: Outpatients with coronary heart disease (n = 76) completed a self-administered questionnaire supported by a previous study of ours.