Comparison of motor function recovery and brain changes in intracerebral hemorrhagic and ischemic rats with similar brain damage.

In this study, we compared the mechanisms of brain recovery in intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemia, focusing on synapses, glial cells, and dopamine expression, which are considered fundamental for neural recovery after stroke. Male Wistar rats were divided into intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemia, and sham surgery (SHAM) groups. The intracerebral hemorrhage group was injected with a collagenase solution, the ischemia group was injected with an endothelin-1 solution, and the SHAM group was injected with physiological saline.

A Comparison of Motor Functional Recovery and Brain Damage between Striatal Lesions Induced by Ischemia and Hemorrhage in Rats.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural recovery process and tissue injury associated with cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction, which were induced to the same degree, in the striatum of rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) and ischemia (ISC) groups, with the ICH group injected with a collagenase solution and the ISC group injected with an endothelin-1 solution. In the SHAM group, physiological saline was injected.

Relationship between diet/exercise and pharmacotherapy to enhance the GLP-1 levels in type 2 diabetes.

The rapid rise in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a huge healthcare burden across the world. Although there are several antihyperglycaemic agents (AHAs) available including addition of new drug classes to the treatment algorithm, more than 50% of patients with T2DM do not achieve glycaemic targets, suggesting an urgent need for treatment strategies focusing on prevention and progression of T2DM and its long-term complications. Lifestyle changes including implementation of healthy diet and physical activity are cornerstones for the management of T2DM.

Effect of baseline renal and hepatic function on the incidence of adverse drug events: the Japan Adverse Drug Events study.

Background The impact of renal and hepatic dysfunction on the morbidity and mortality of inpatients with adverse drug events (ADEs) is uncertain in daily clinical practice. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of renal and hepatic function on ADEs and inpatients' morbidity and mortality. Methods The Japan Adverse Drug Events (JADE) study was a prospective cohort study carried out at three tertiary-care teaching hospitals in Japan.

Giant retroperitoneal schwannoma in a 52-year-old man.

Schwannoma in the retroperitoneal space is rare, and it is extremely rare in patients with no history of neurofibromatosis. We present a case of giant retroperitoneal schwannoma in a 52-year-old man who did not have neurofibromatosis. Because malignant transformation would be extremely rare in this circumstance, close imaging follow-up could avert the necessity for complete resection.

Improving the assessment of adverse drug reactions using the Naranjo Algorithm in daily practice: The Japan Adverse Drug Events Study.

It is difficult to determine adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in daily complicated clinical practice in which many kinds of drugs are prescribed. We evaluated how well the Naranjo Algorithm (NA) categorized ADRs among suspected ADRs. The Japan Adverse Drug Events (JADE) study was a prospective cohort study of 3459 inpatients.

[The Present Implementation Status and Problems of Vital-signs Measurement by Community Pharmacists in Home Medical Care in Osaka].

　While the community-based integrated care systems are in the process of being structured currently, more and more community pharmacists want to learn physical assessment skills. However, no large-scale survey focusing on present implementation status and problems of physical assessment by community pharmacists has been conducted yet. Osaka has the 2nd highest number of community pharmacies in Japan now, and the population aged ≥65 years will be expected to become the 3rd highest in 2025.

Biodistribution study using Egg Protein ELISA kit after administration of FITC-labeled ovalbumin solution and its double liposomes in the in situ loop method, and its implication in oral immunization.

Ovalbumin (OVA) is often used as a model antigen, and its biodistribution is important for the induction of immunization, especially oral immunization. In this study, an allergic substance-detecting kit, Egg Protein ELISA kit, was applied to the investigation of the biodistribution of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled ovalbumin (FITC-OVA). After FITC-OVA solution and its double liposomes were administered into the intestinal loop with one Peyer's patch, the biodistribution of FITC-OVA was examined with the Egg Protein ELISA kit.

Transcriptional regulation of the grape cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene CYP736B expression in response to Xylella fastidiosa infection.

Background: Plant cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) mediate synthesis and metabolism of many physiologically important primary and secondary compounds that are related to plant defense against a range of pathogenic microbes and insects. To determine if cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in defense response to Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) infection, we investigated expression and regulatory mechanisms of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP736B gene in both disease resistant and susceptible grapevines.

Results: Cloning of genomic DNA and cDNA revealed that the CYP736B gene was composed of two exons and one intron with GT as a donor site and AG as an acceptor site.

Preparation and evaluation of novel directly-compressed fast-disintegrating furosemide tablets with sucrose stearic acid ester.

Fast-disintegrating tablets of furosemide (FS) were prepared by the novel direct compression method. FS, microcrystalline cellulose (MC), croscarmellose sodium (CC), xylitol (XL) and sucrose stearic acid esters (SSEs) with an hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 16, 15 and 11, named S1670, S1570 and S1170, were used. An FS/SSE/MC mixed powder was obtained by solvent evaporation of a suspension of MC in ethanol solution containing FS and SSE, and the resultant mixed powder was mixed with CC and XL, and directly compressed.

Effect of penetration enhancers on transdermal delivery of propofol.

To develop a transdermal dosage form of propofol (PF), in vitro skin permeability and in vivo absorbability of PF were investigated in rats, and the effectiveness of enhancers on the transdermal delivery of PF was estimated. Propylene glycol (PG), isopropyl myristate and macrogol were used as co-solvent type enhancers. L(-)-Menthol (MEN), D(+)-limonene, oleic acid, stearic acid, sucrose fatty acid esters and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used as membrane-acting type enhancers.

Development of novel fast-disintegrating tablets by direct compression using sucrose stearic acid ester as a disintegration-accelerating agent.

It was attempted to produce novel furosemide (FS) fast-disintegrating tablets by direct compression. The combination of FS, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium and xylitol was used as the basic formulation, and sucrose stearic acid ester (SSE) was chosen as an additional additive. The tablets with SSE were prepared by the simple addition of SSE, using a lyophilized mixture of FS and SSE or using a FS/SSE mixture obtained by evaporation of their ethanol solution.

Caffeine dose-dependently potentiates the antitumor effect of cisplatin on osteosarcomas.

Background: Caffeine-assisted chemotherapy has been used in the treatment of osteosarcomas. However, there is little in vivo evidence for this treatment, and thus we sought to verify the dose and effect of caffeine in combination with cisplatin in osteosarcoma-bearing rats.

Materials And Methods: Seven-week-old male Fischer rats were transplanted with chemical carcinogen-induced osteosarcoma, selected lung metastatic lesions tumor block.

Comparison of the preventive activity of isorhamnetin glycosides from atsumi-kabu (red turnip, Brassica, campestris L.) leaves on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice.

Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, which was contained together with isorhamnetin 3,7-di-O-glucoside in atsumi-kabu leaves, suppressed increases in the plasma ALT and AST activities of mice with liver injury induced by the injection of carbon tetrachloride, but no suppression by isorhamnetin 3,7-di-O-glucoside was apparent. This result indicates that the release of glucose at the 7-position in isorhamnetin 3,7-di-O-glucoside was very important to mitigating liver injury.

Effect of iontophoresis and switching iontophoresis on skin accumulation of ketoprofen.

The effect of iontophoresis and switching iontophoresis on the skin accumulation of drugs was investigated. An acrylic diffusion cell mounted with electrode cells (bore: 2.2 cm) with circular platinum electrodes (diameter: 2.

Influence of pectins on preparation characteristics of lactoferrin bioadhesive tablets.

For the treatment of chronic inflammation in the oral cavity, we attempted to develop bioadhesive tablets of bovine lactoferrin (B-LF). Pectin was used as a bioadhesive polymer, and the influence of the degree of esterification and the molecular weight of pectins on the characteristics of B-LF tablets were investigated. Concerning bioadhesive force, a tendency increasing the value according to increase of the esterification of the pectin was confirmed.

Comparative analysis of ESTs involved in grape responses to Xylella fastidiosa infection.

Background: The gram-negative bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is the causal agent of Pierce's disease (PD) in grape as well as diseases of many fruit and ornamental plants. The current molecular breeding efforts have identified genetic basis of PD resistance in grapes. However, the transcriptome level characterization of the host response to this pathogen is lacking.

Low LATS2 mRNA level can predict favorable response to epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide, but not to docetaxel, in breast cancers.

Purpose: Putative tumor suppressor genes LATS1 and LATS2 are implicated in the regulation of the cell cycle at the G2/M and G1/S phase, respectively. This study investigated possible correlations of intra-tumoral LATS1 and LATS2 mRNA levels with response to epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide (EC) or docetaxel (DOC) treatment.

Methods: mRNA expression levels of LATS1 and LATS2 were determined by means of real-time PCR assay in 56 locally advanced breast cancers and 15 recurrent breast cancers treated with EC (n = 32) or DOC (n = 39).

Preparation of double liposomes and their efficiency as an oral vaccine carrier.

The usefulness of double liposomes (DL), liposomes containing liposomes inside, as an oral vaccine carrier was examined. Ovalbumin (OVA) encapsulating liposomes sized to 230 nm (small liposomes, SL) were prepared by the glass-beads (GB) method and sequential sonication and extrusion. For the purpose of stabilizing the model antigen, DL containing SL were prepared by the GB method and the reverse-phase evaporation (REV) method.

Transdermal absorption of propofol in rats.

Propofol (PF), a highly lipophilic anesthetic, has several desirable properties, such as the rapid onset and cessation of its effects upon intravenous infusion. In this study, the transdermal absorption of PF was investigated with the aim of the development of an alternative route of administration. PF solutions containing isopropyl myristate (IPM), ethanol or propylene glycol (PG) at various concentrations were prepared and applied to the abdominal skin of rats.

Down-regulation of LATS1 and LATS2 mRNA expression by promoter hypermethylation and its association with biologically aggressive phenotype in human breast cancers.

Purpose: LATS1 and LATS2 are tumor suppressor genes implicated in the regulation of cell cycle. Methylation status of the promoter regions of these genes as well as its correlation with their mRNA levels were studied in human breast cancers. Correlation of LATS1 and LATS2 mRNA levels with clinicopathologic characteristics of breast tumors were also studied.

Acetaminophen-containing chewable tablets with suppressed bitterness and improved oral feeling.

The aim of this study was to develop acetaminophen chewable tablets with suppressed bitterness and improved oral feeling by examination of hard fats as the matrix base and of sweetening agents as corrigents. Witepsol H-15, W-35, S-55, E-75 and E-85, and Witocan H and 42/44 were used as hard fats. Witocan H and 42/44 were selected in view of improved oral feeling.