Impact of Preoperative Skeletal Muscle Quality on Functional Outcome in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of preoperative muscle quality on functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: We included 426 patients who underwent primary THA between 2015 and 2022 to evaluate the relationship between preoperative muscle quality and 1-year functional outcomes following THA.

EEG Oscillatory Activity and Resting-State Networks Associated with Neurocognitive Function in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) activity and brain networks in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and their association with neurocognitive function (NCF). We analyzed 26 patients with subacute mTBI and 21 healthy controls. The subacute mTBI group (9 females, 17 males) had a mean age of 29.

Shoulder Joint Range of Motion Related to Dementia.

Introduction: Dementia is caused by various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We often encounter patients with dementia who have limited shoulder joint range of motion (ROM), especially those with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). But the relationship between the diseases of dementia and restricted shoulder joint ROM is currently unclear.

Relationship of the Japanese Old Stories Cognitive Scale With the Revised Hasegawa Cognitive Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination.

The Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) is the most widely used instrument to screen for dementia in Japan and is similar to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The development of a quicker and simpler screening tool, the Japanese Old Stories Cognitive Scale (JOSS), was previously reported. A total of 953 new outpatients from 8 memory clinics in Japan completed the JOSS, HDS-R, and MMSE at first visit.

Tension Distribution in Articular Surfaces of the Rotator Cable and Crescent: A Cadaveric Study.

Background: The rotator cable functions as a stress and/or load transfer structure. Some studies suggested that a disruption of the cable negatively affects shoulder function and tendon integrity in patients with rotator cuff tears, while others found no functional impairment regardless of rotator cable tear severity. Although anatomical studies have identified distinct regions within the rotator cuff muscles, the strain distribution within the articular sides of the rotator cuff tendons that results from the tension in each region remains unknown.

Attention to the domains of Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale and Mini-Mental State Examination in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia.

Background: In Japan, Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD) is the most common cognitive disease, and the most widely used dementia screening tests are the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). This study sought to elucidate the relationships of the individual domains of these tests with age and duration of school education in a large group of patients with AD.

Methods: Participants were 505 new outpatients diagnosed with AD who completed the HDS-R and MMSE at the first visit.

Predictors for the Knee Extension Strength at 2 Yrs After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Regression Tree Analysis.

Objective: The aim of the study is to clarify the interactive combinations of clinical factors associated with knee extension strength 2 yrs after total knee arthroplasty.

Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 264 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Knee extension strength was assessed preoperatively, 3 wks, and 2 yrs after total knee arthroplasty.

Association of physical activity with fatty infiltration of muscles after total hip arthroplasty.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between muscle density as an indicator of fatty infiltration of lower extremity muscles and physical activity (PA) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and identify the patient characteristics with high postoperative PA.

Methods: This study included 62 female patients who underwent THA for unilateral hip osteoarthritis. Muscle density of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, iliopsoas, and quadriceps muscles was measured using computed tomography (CT).

Muscle belly ratio is the most suitable estimate of the activity of the torn supraspinatus muscle.

Background: A torn rotator cuff muscle deteriorates over time leading with an increase in muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration. There are several clinical assessments for evaluating the atrophy of the torn supraspinatus muscle. However, it is unclear which approach can more accurately estimate the activity of the torn supraspinatus muscle.

Moment arms of the anatomical subregions of the rotator cuff muscles during shoulder rotation.

Background: Rotator cuff muscles are responsible for humeral rotation. Moment arms of different regions of these muscles during humeral rotation were analyzed in neutral and abducted positions.

Methods: In eight cadaveric shoulders, subregions of the rotator cuff muscles were identified and their excursion during humeral rotation was measured in neutral and abducted positions from an internal rotation of 30° to an external rotation of 45°, with 15° increments, using a 3-D digitizing system.

Frontal midline theta rhythm and gamma activity measured by sheet-type wearable EEG device.

Introduction: The current study measured the frontal midline theta rhythm (Fmθ), which appears in the frontal midline region during the attentional focus state, using the sheet-type wearable electroencephalograph (EEG) device HARU-1, and examined the modulation of frontal gamma band activity by cognitive tasks.

Methods: We measured the frontal EEG of 20 healthy subjects using HARU-1 for 2 min during the rest eyes-closed condition and simple mental calculation task condition, respectively. Statistical analyses were conducted using permutation testing based on -test and cluster analysis to compare the results between the resting state and the task condition.

Evaluating the contribution of fat infiltration in anterior gluteus minimus muscle to walking ability in female with unilateral hip osteoarthritis and candidates for total hip arthroplasty.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between gait and fat infiltration in anterior and posterior gluteus minimus in the patients with hip osteoarthritis.

Methods: Ninety-one female patients who were diagnosed as the unilateral hip osteoarthritis, classified into Kellgren-Lawrence global scoring system grades 3 or 4, and candidate for total hip arthroplasty were retrospectively reviewed. The horizontally cross-sectional regions of interest for the gluteus medius and anterior and posterior gluteus minimus were manually circumscribed in a single transaxial computed tomography image and muscle density of those regions were obtained.

Strain distribution in the bursal rotator cuff based on whole-muscle and muscle subregion-specific loading: A cadaveric study.

Rotator cuff (RC) tears are common injuries leading to significant dysfunction of the shoulder. Rotator cuff tears alter tension and strain in muscles and tendons. Anatomical studies demonstrated that rotator cuff muscles are comprised of anatomical subregions.

Interactive Combinations Between Gait Speed and Physical Function at Acute Phase Can Predict the Physical Activity at 2 Years After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Classification and Regression Tree Analysis.

Objective: To clarify the interactive combinations of various clinical factors associated with physical activity (PA) at 2 years after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis.

Design: A retrospective cohort study.

Setting: A single university hospital.

Impact of radial compression protocols on radial artery occlusion and hemostasis time in coronary angiography.

Protocols for hemostasis after trans-radial approach (TRA) vary depending on the institute as there is no established evidence-based protocol. This study aimed to investigate the clinical implications of radial compression protocols. Consecutive patients who underwent outpatient invasive catheter angiography before and after April 2018 were treated with traditional and new protocols, respectively.

Moment arms from the anatomical subregions of the rotator cuff muscles during flexion.

Rotator cuff (RC) muscles act as force couples to stabilize the glenohumeral joint and enable shoulder motion. We investigated the moment arms of anatomical subregions of the supraspinatus (SSP), infraspinatus (ISP), subscapularis (SSC), and the teres minor muscles during flexion. Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were obtained and the anatomical subregions of the RC muscles were identified.

The functional role of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle subregions during forward flexion: a shear wave elastography study.

Background: Knowledge of the morphological and functional differences in the anatomic subregions of the supraspinatus (SSP) and infraspinatus (ISP) muscles during forward flexion will provide useful information in the management of shoulder joint disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the SSP and ISP muscle subregions exhibit independent roles during forward flexion of the shoulder joint.

Methods: Eight healthy male volunteers without any restriction in their shoulder joints were recruited for this study.

Serology suggests adequate safety measures to protect healthcare workers from COVID-19 in Shiga Prefecture, Japan.

Healthcare workers (HCWs), especially frontline workers against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are considered to be risky because of occupational exposure to infected patients. This study evaluated the correlation between seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among HCWs and the implementation of personal protective equipment (PPE) & infection prevention and control (IPC). We recruited 1237 HCWs from nine public COVID-19-designated hospitals in Shiga Prefecture, central Japan, between 15-26 February 2021.

A First View of the Effect of a Trial of Early Mobilization on the Muscle Strength and Activities of Daily Living in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With COVID-19.

Objective: To retrospectively investigate the effect of early mobilization on the muscle strength and activities of daily living in patients with COVID-19 under mechanical ventilation.

Design: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation care in Japan.

Convergent validity of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Mealtime Behavior Questionnaire (ASD-MBQ) for children with autism spectrum disorder.

There was a growing interest in difficulties with eating as one of the most problematic symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study is to examine the convergent validity of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Mealtime Behavior Questionnaire (ASD-MBQ) with the Asahide's test for social adjustment skills, the Japanese version of the short version of the sensory profile questionnaire, the Japanese version of the Social Communication Questionnaire, and the Parenting Strain Index in Japanese children with ASD. The final sample contained 294 children who were diagnosed as the ASD based on the DSM-5 criteria, the mean age of children was 10 ± 4 years (range: 3-18 years).

Intracompartmental pressure in lower leg muscles and tibial nerve in healthy volunteers correlate to the stiffness measured using shear wave elastography.

Background: Acute compartment syndrome in the lower leg is a painful condition characterized by an increase in intracompartmental pressure. To prevent misdiagnosis and delay in the recognition of the condition, which can lead to severe complications, continuous monitoring of intracompartmental pressure for at least 24 h. from the onset of initial symptoms has been recommended.