Gender differences of dietary self-management behavior affecting control indices in type II diabetes.

Aim: To establish effective dietary self-management behavior for type II male and female diabetics, by focusing on how dietary intake and dietary self-management affect control indices of type II diabetics.

Methods: The study group comprised 170 type II diabetics, 93 men (mean age, 63.1+/-8.

Development of an evaluation scale for self-management behavior related to physical activity of type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of an evaluation scale for self-management behavior related to physical activity of type 2 diabetic patients (ES-SMBPA-2D).

Research Design And Methods: Outpatients with type 2 diabetes (n = 146) completed a self-administered questionnaire supported by a semistructured interview based on a literature review. The content, factor, and concurrent validity and internal consistency and reproducibility of the scale were analyzed.