The Use of 3D Printed Models for Surgical Simulation of Cranioplasty in Craniosynostosis as Training and Education.

Background: The advance in imaging techniques is useful for 3D models and printing leading to a real revolution in many surgical specialties, in particular, neurosurgery.

Methods: We report on a clinical study on the use of 3D printed models to perform cranioplasty in patients with craniosynostosis. The participants were recruited from various medical institutions and were divided into two groups: Group A ( = 5) received traditional surgical education (including cadaveric specimens) but without using 3D printed models, while Group B ( = 5) received training using 3D printed models.