Context-dependent memory in the real world: the role of frequency and context dwell time.

We investigated the context-dependent memory effect outside of the laboratory in order to examine whether the effect impacts everyday memory retrieval. We also examined various factors that may interact with the context-dependent memory effect such as frequency and context dwell time. In the experiment, we used a smartphone app to track participant's GPS locations for 5 weeks.

Memory Decline and Aberration of Synaptic Proteins in X-Linked Moesin Knockout Male Mice.

Objective: This study aims to investigate may moesin deficiency resulted in neurodevelopmental abnormalities caused by negative impact on synaptic signaling ultimately leading to synaptic structure and plasticity.

Methods: Behavioral assessments measured neurodevelopment (surface righting, negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance), anxiety (open field test, elevated plus maze test), and memory (passive avoidance test, Y-maze test) in moesin-knockout mice (KO) compared to wild-type mice (WT). Whole exome sequencing (WES) of brain (KO vs.

Developmental deficits, synapse and dendritic abnormalities in a Clcn4 KO autism mice model: endophenotypic target for ASD.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to ion channel dysfunction, including chloride voltage-gated channel-4 (CLCN4). We generated Clcn4 knockout (KO) mice by deleting exon 5 of chromosome 7 in the C57BL/6 mice. Clcn4 KO exhibited reduced social interaction and increased repetitive behaviors assessed using three-chamber and marble burying tests.

Controlling the Dissolution Behavior of (Meth)acrylate-Based Photoresist Polymers in Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide by Introducing Adamantyl Groups.

(Meth)acrylate polymers are commonly used as photoresist materials in photolithography. However, these polymers encounter the problem of swelling during the development process. To address this, we explored the use of a hydrophobic group to control the solubility in the hydrophilic developer.

Beyond Misfolding: A New Paradigm for the Relationship Between Protein Folding and Aggregation.

Aggregation is intricately linked to protein folding, necessitating a precise understanding of their relationship. Traditionally, aggregation has been viewed primarily as a sequential consequence of protein folding and misfolding. However, this conventional paradigm is inherently incomplete and can be deeply misleading.

Molecular subtype changes after acquiring resistance to tarlatamab in small cell lung cancer.

Tarlatamab, a novel bispecific T-cell engager, has demonstrated unprecedented efficacy in patients with small cell lung cancer. However, there is no known mechanism of resistance to tarlatamab. This study suggests that a transcriptional expression shift might be associated with acquired resistance to tarlatamab.

Swelling Behavior of Acrylate-Based Photoresist Polymers Containing Cycloaliphatic Groups of Various Sizes.

Photoresist polymers containing cycloaliphatic acrylic monomers have been synthesized for use in the microcircuits of semiconductors. Although cycloaliphatic acrylic monomers exhibit a high etch resistance and excellent thermal properties, their large size increases the distance between the main chains of the resulting polymers. This increased distance facilitates the penetration of a developer between the main chains, which leads to swelling and thus pattern collapse, distortion, and delamination, thereby complicating the fabrication of microcircuits.

Enhancing the Mechanical Strength of a Photocurable 3D Printing Material Using Potassium Titanate Additives for Craniofacial Applications.

Photopolymerization-based three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques such as stereolithography (SLA) attract considerable attention owing to their superior resolution, low cost, and relatively high printing speed. However, the lack of studies on improving the mechanical properties of 3D materials highlights the importance of delving deeper into additive manufacturing research. These materials possess considerable potential in the medical field, particularly for applications such as anatomical models, medical devices, and implants.

Detailed characterization of combination treatment with MET inhibitor plus EGFR inhibitor in -mutant and -amplified non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Detailed clinical data about combination treatment with MET inhibitor (METi) and EGFR inhibitor (EGFRi) is lacking in patients with -mutant, -amplified, and EGFRi-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to report longitudinal data on the efficacy and safety of this combination treatment.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients with advanced -mutant and -amplified NSCLC who were treated with any types of METi plus EGFRi after progression with EGFRi at the National Cancer Center Hospital.

RNA-dependent proteome solubility maintenance in lysates analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry: Proteomic characterization in terms of isoelectric point, structural disorder, functional hub, and chaperone network.

Protein aggregation, a consequence of misfolding and impaired proteostasis, can lead to cellular malfunctions such as various proteinopathies. The mechanisms protecting proteins from aggregation in complex cellular environments have long been investigated, often from a protein-centric viewpoint. However, our study provides insights into a crucial, yet overlooked actor: RNA.

Associations among the Duodenal Ecosystem, Gut Microbiota, and Nutrient Intake in Functional Dyspepsia.

Background/aims: : Functional dyspepsia (FD) has long been regarded as a syndrome because its pathophysiology is multifactorial. However, recent reports have provided evidence that changes in the duodenal ecosystem may be the key. This study aimed to identify several gastrointestinal factors and biomarkers associated with FD, specifically changes in the duodenal ecosystem that may be key to understanding its pathophysiology.

Single targeting of MET in EGFR-mutated and MET-amplified non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: In EGFR-mutant and MET-amplified lung cancer resistant to EGFR inhibitors, double blockade of EGFR and MET is considered as a reasonable strategy despite increasing toxicity. This study evaluated the single MET inhibition in these specific tumours.

Methods: We investigated the efficacy of a single MET inhibitor in EGFR-mutant, MET-amplified lung cancer cells (HCC827GR) and the matched clinical cases and patient-derived cells.

Development of Bisphenol-A-Glycidyl-Methacrylate- and Trimethylolpropane-Triacrylate-Based Stereolithography 3D Printing Materials.

The main advantages of the three-dimensional (3D) printing process are flexible design, rapid prototyping, multi-component structures, and minimal waste. For stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing, common photocurable polymers, such as bisphenol-A glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-EMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTMA), as well as urethane oligomers, have been widely used. For a successful 3D printing process, these photocurable polymers must satisfy several requirements, including transparency, a low viscosity, good mechanical strength, and low shrinkage post-ultraviolet curing process.

Inhibition of USP1 enhances anticancer drugs-induced cancer cell death through downregulation of survivin and miR-216a-5p-mediated upregulation of DR5.

Ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) is a deubiquitinase involved in DNA damage repair by modulating the ubiquitination of major regulators, such as PCNA and FANCD2. Because USP1 is highly expressed in many cancers, dysregulation of USP1 contributes to cancer therapy. However, the role of USP1 and the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy remain unclear.

Improving the Stability of Ball-Milled Lead Halide Perovskites via Ethanol/Water-Induced Phase Transition.

Recently, lead halide perovskite nanocrystals have been considered as potential light-emitting materials because of their narrow full width at half-maximum (FWHM) and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). In addition, they have various emission spectra because the bandgap can be easily tuned by changing the size of the nanocrystals and their chemical composition. However, these perovskite materials have poor long-term stability due to their sensitivity to moisture.

Early On-Treatment Prediction of the Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Background: Prediction of resistance mechanisms for epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) remains challenging. Thus, we investigated whether resistant cancer cells that expand shortly after EGFR-TKI treatment would eventually cause the resistant phenotype.

Methods: We generated two -mutant lung cancer cell lines resistant to gefitinib (PC9GR and HCC827GR).

Effects of Live and Pasteurized Forms of Akkermansia from the Human Gut on Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation.

() is a promising probiotic candidate owing to its health-promoting properties. A previous study reported that the pasteurized form of strains isolated from human stool samples had a beneficial impact on high-fat diet-induced obese mice. On the other hand, the differences in the probiotic effects between live and pasteurized on the metabolism and immune system of the host are still inconclusive.

Anti-Obesity Effect of Fermented Is Mediated Modulation of Appetite and Gut Microbial Population.

(PN) is a traditional herbal medicine containing several active compounds such as saponins and ginsenosides with many therapeutic applications including anti-obesity activity. Fermentation by lactic acid bacteria has the potential to metabolize ginsenosides to more active forms. This study examined whether fermentation has any benefits on the protective effects of a PN extract against obesity using a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse model.

Effects of steric hindrance and electron density of ester prodrugs on controlling the metabolic activation by human carboxylesterase.

Carboxylesterase (CES) plays an important role in the hydrolysis metabolism of ester-type drugs and prodrugs. In this study, we investigated the change in the hydrolysis rate of hCE1 by focusing on the steric hindrance of the ester structure and the electron density. For 26 kinds of synthesized indomethacin prodrugs, the hydrolytic rate was measured in the presence of human liver microsomes (HLM), human small intestine microsomes (HIM), hCE1 and hCE2.

Efficient Inverted Solar Cells Using Benzotriazole-Based Small Molecule and Polymers.

We synthesized medium-band-gap donor-acceptor (D-A) -type conjugated polymers (PBTZCZ-L and PBTZCZ-H) consisting of a benzotriazole building block as an acceptor and a carbazole unit as a donor. In comparison with the polymers, a small conjugated molecule (BTZCZ-2) was developed, and its structural, thermal, optical, and photovoltaic properties were investigated. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the BTZCZ-2-based solar cell devices was less than 0.

Lactate-Fortified Fermented by Improved Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation via Alteration of Gut Microbial Communities.

Background: (PR), the dried root of , is reported to possess therapeutic efficacies against various diseases including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Fermentation-driven bioactivation of herbal medicines can result in improved therapeutic potencies and efficacies.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet and fructose in water with PR (400 mg/kg) or PR fermented by (400 mg/kg) for 10 weeks.

Structural and rheological properties of pectic polysaccharide extracted from Ulmus davidiana esterified by succinic acid.

The present study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical and structural properties of pectic polysaccharide extracted from Ulmus davidiana (UDP) and to determine the physicochemical, structural, and rheological properties of esterified UDP with succinic acid (ES-UDP). The results indicated that UDP had high amounts of galacturonic acids and various neutral sugars, such as galactose, rhamnose, and glucose. UDP was identified as a low methoxyl pectin, consisting of 1,4-linked α-d-GalpA (the main backbone chain), supported by the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, and 1D Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.

The characterization, selenylation and anti-inflammatory activity of pectic polysaccharides extracted from Ulmus pumila L.

The specific objective of this study was to investigate characterization, selenylation, and anti-inflammatory activities of pectic polysaccharides extracted from Ulmus pumila L. (PPU). Four different monosaccharides were found in PPU, including galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose, and glucose.

Erythro-austrobailignan-6 down-regulates HER2/EGFR/integrinβ3 expression via p38 activation in breast cancer.

Background: Despite the benefits from different options of therapy for breast cancer, resistance of the disease to these therapies is rising and a novel agent is needed. Erythro-austrobailignan-6 (EA6) exhibits anti-cancer activity. However, the detailed anti-tumor mechanisms by which EA6 inhibits 4T-1 and MCF-7 cell growth have not been well studied.

The impact of intermittent versus continuous exposure to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor on selection of EGFR T790M-mutant drug-resistant clones in a lung cancer cell line carrying activating EGFR mutation.

Drug-resistant cell lines are essential tools for investigating the mechanisms of resistance to molecular-targeted anti-cancer drugs. However, little is known about how to establish clinically relevant drug-resistant cell lines. Our study examined the impact of a drug-free period on the establishment of a cell line with clinically relevant resistance to molecular-targeted drugs.