Modulating the Coverage of Adsorbed Hydrogen via Hydrogen Spillover Enables Selective Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanone.

Selective electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of phenol is a sustainable route to produce cyclohexanone, an industrially important feedstock for polymer synthesis. However, attaining high selectivity and faradaic efficiency (FE) for cyclohexanone remain challenging, owning to over-hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanol and competition of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, by employing hydrogen spillover effect, we modulate adsorbed hydrogen species (H) coverage on Pt surface via migration to TiO in an anatase TiO-supported Pt catalyst.

Investigation on low-iodine diet implementation by medical staff before radioactive iodine treatment for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Objective: To explore the implementation of low-iodine diets by medical staff caring for patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma prior to I therapy across 58 hospitals, and offer valuable insights for the development of guidelines on low-iodine diets.

Methods: Convenience sampling was utilized to conduct a survey among 163 medical staff members working in nuclear medicine departments across 58 tertiary hospitals using a self-designed questionnaire.

Results: Concerning the duration of the low-iodine diet prior to treatment, the medical staff's recommendations were as follows: 58.

Unraveling the potential-dependent structure evolution in CuO for electrocatalytic biomass valorization.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of renewable biomass (such as glucose) into high-value-added chemicals provides an effective approach to achieving carbon neutrality. CuO-derived materials are among the most promising electrocatalysts for biomass electrooxidation, but the identification of their active sites under electrochemical conditions remains elusive. Herein, we report a potential-dependent structure evolution over CuO in the glucose oxidation reaction (GOR).

Identification of Active Sites Formed on Cobalt Oxyhydroxide in Glucose Electrooxidation.

Transition-metal-based oxyhydroxides are efficient catalysts in biomass electrooxidation towards fossil-fuel-free production of valuable chemicals. However, identification of active sites remains elusive. Herein, using cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) as the archetype and the electrocatalyzed glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) as the model reaction, we track dynamic transformation of the electronic and atomic structure of the catalyst using a suite of operando and ex situ techniques.

A Fast Spatial Pool Learning Algorithm of Hierarchical Temporal Memory Based on Minicolumn's Self-Nomination.

As a new type of artificial neural network model, HTM has become the focus of current research and application. The sparse distributed representation is the basis of the HTM model, but the existing spatial pool learning algorithms have high training time overhead and may cause the spatial pool to become unstable. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a fast spatial pool learning algorithm of HTM based on minicolumn's nomination, where the minicolumns are selected according to the load-carrying capacity and the synapses are adjusted using compressed encoding.

Correction: Two-dimensional polar metal of a PbTe monolayer by electrostatic doping.

Correction for 'Two-dimensional polar metal of a PbTe monolayer by electrostatic doping' by Tao Xu et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2020, 5, 1400-1406, DOI: .

Two-dimensional polar metal of a PbTe monolayer by electrostatic doping.

Polar metals characterized by the simultaneous coexistence of a polar structure and metallicity have been a long-sought goal due to the promise of novel electronic devices. Developing such materials at low dimensions remains challenging since both conducting electrons and reduced dimensions are supposed to quench the polar state. Here, based on first-principles calculations, we report the discovery of a non-centrosymmetric polar structure in two-dimensional (2D) metallic materials with electrostatic doping, even though ferroelectricity is unconventional at the atomic scale.

Anion exchange behavior of MAl layered double hydroxides: a molecular dynamics and DFT study.

The ion exchange reaction has been extensively used in the field of synthesis of functionalized supramolecular materials such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs), ion-embedded batteries, sewage disposal and so on. In this work, the factors influencing the anion exchange behavior in the LDH gallery, such as the exchange domain, the exchange order, the driving force, and the diffusion of the anions, are investigated systematically using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) methods in view of both thermodynamics and dynamics. 159 models of MIIRAl-A-LDHs (MII = Mg, Ni, Zn; R = 1.

Correction: Manganese-based layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as highly efficient ozone decomposition catalysts with tunable valence state.

Correction for 'Manganese-based layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as highly efficient ozone decomposition catalysts with tunable valence state' by Siyu Wang et al., Nanoscale, 2020, 12, 12817-12823, DOI: 10.1039/D0NR02796K.

Manganese-based layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as highly efficient ozone decomposition catalysts with tunable valence state.

Manganese oxides are well explored effective ozone decomposition catalysts, but the accumulation of oxygen trapped on their surfaces and high valence state restrict their catalyst efficiency. Herein, we report manganese based layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalysts with different average oxidation states (AOS) of Mn. MgMnAl-LDH catalysts show large specific surface area, abundant oxygen vacancies, stable structure and excellent catalytic ozone decomposition performance.

DFT study on MgAl-layered double hydroxides with different interlayer anions: structure, anion exchange, host-guest interaction and basic sites.

The guest anions play a key role in the construction of layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based host-guest functional materials. In this work, the orientation of the interlayer species, interlayer distances, binding energies, electronic density differences and density of states of the MgAl-LDHs (n = 1.6, 2.

Histogram-Based CRC for 3D-Aided Pose-Invariant Face Recognition.

Traditional Collaborative Representation-based Classification algorithms for face recognition (CRC) usually suffer from data uncertainty, especially if it includes various poses and illuminations. To address this issue, in this paper, we design a new CRC method using histogram statistical measurement (H-CRC) combined with a 3D morphable model (3DMM) for pose-invariant face classification. First, we fit a 3DMM to raw images in the dictionary to reconstruct the 3D shapes and textures.

Values of (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile imaging after first-time large-dose (131)I therapy in treating differentiated thyroid cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the use of (99m)Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) imaging for evaluating the treatment response of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after the first administration of a high dose of (131)I.

Methods: Patients with DTC who received (131)I therapy underwent (99m)Tc-MIBI imaging after successive increases in the therapeutic dose of (131)I, and the serum levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured.

Results: A total of 191 patients were enrolled in the final analysis, including 65 metastases and/or thyroid remnant-positive patients (22 patients with metastases and 43 patients with thyroid remnants).

A New Lycopodine-type Alkaloid from Lycopodium japonicum.

A new lycopodine-type alkaloid, 12β-hydroxy-acetylfawcettiine N-oxide (1), together with seven known analogues, acetyllycoposerramine M (2), lycopodine (3), lycoclavine (4), diphaladine A (5), lycoposerramine K (6), 11β-hydroxy-12-epilycodoline (7) and fawcettiine (8), were isolated from Lycopodium japonicum. Their structures were established by mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The isolated alkaloids were assayed for their inhibition activities against acetylcholinesterase, but no inhibitory activities for the compounds were detected.

Upregulation of SCC-S2 in immune cells and tumor tissues of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Studies have shown that SCC-S2 can be detected in cancer cells, but its relation with thyroid cancer remains uncertain. In the current study, we investigated SCC-S2 expression in thyroid cancer from the immune cell perspective and tumor tissue perspective. Levels of SCC-S2 in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, monocytes, natural killer (NK) T cells, tumor tissues, and adjacent noncancerous thyroid tissues were tested by real-time reverse transcription PCR and Western blot.

Radioimmunoimaging with mixed monoclonal antibodies of nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts.

The present study was conducted to evaluate radioimmunoimaging (RII) and in vivo distribution of mixed antibodies 99mTc-EGFR-mAb and 99mTc-CD44- mAb in nude mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts. Single and mixed applications of the two radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were compared. Direct labeling of 99mTc was applied to radiolabel the EGFR and CD44 mAbs.