Dysregulated energy and protein homeostasis and the loss of GABAergic amacrine cells in aging retina.

Aging is a major risk factor for the development or the worsening of retinal degenerative conditions. The intricate network of the neural retina determined that the retinal aging is a complicated process. The aim of this study is to delineate the transcriptomic changes of major retinal neurons during aging in C57BL/6 mice at single-cell level.

Long-term polystyrene nanoparticles exposure reduces electroretinal responses and exacerbates retinal degeneration induced by light exposure.

The impact of plastic pollution on living organisms have gained significant research attention. However, the effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on retina remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) exposure on mouse retina.

Overexpression of TRPV1 activates autophagy in human lens epithelial cells under hyperosmotic stress through Ca-dependent AMPK/mTOR pathway.

Aim: To explore whether autophagy functions as a cellular adaptation mechanism in lens epithelial cells (LECs) under hyperosmotic stress.

Methods: LECs were treated with hyperosmotic stress at the concentration of 270, 300, 400, 500, or 600 mOsm for 6, 12, 18, 24h . Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed for the mRNA expression of autophagy-related genes, while Western blotting detected the targeted protein expression.

Serum amyloid A aggravates endotoxin-induced ocular inflammation through the regulation of retinal microglial activation.

Serum amyloid A (SAA) are major acute-phase response proteins which actively participate in many inflammatory diseases. This study was designed to explore the function of SAA in acute ocular inflammation and the underlying mechanism. We found that SAA3 was upregulated in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) mouse model, and it was primarily expressed in microglia.

TREM2 deficiency in microglia accelerates photoreceptor cell death and immune cell infiltration following retinal detachment.

Retinal detachment (RD) occurs in several major retinal conditions and often causes irreversible vision loss due to photoreceptor cell death. Retinal residential microglial cells are activated following RD and participate in photoreceptor cell death via direct phagocytosis and the regulation of inflammatory responses. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an innate immune receptor exclusively expressed on microglial cells in the retina, and has been reported to affect microglial cell homeostasis, phagocytosis and inflammatory responses in the brain.

The Value of the Antibody Detection in the Diagnosis of Ocular Toxocariasis and the Aqueous Cytokine Profile Associated With the Condition.

Introduction: To evaluate and compare the specificity of Toxocara -specific antibody detection in the serum and aqueous samples for the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis (OT) and explore the cytokine profiles associated with the condition in children.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. The inclusion criteria were the clinical presentations of OT, which included unilateral vision reduction, typical peripheral or posterior pole granuloma with variable degrees of vitritis, and exclusion of other diagnoses.

mTORC1 Activation in -Specific Knockout Mice Accelerates Retina Aging and Degeneration.

Age-associated decline in retina function is largely responsible for the irreversible vision deterioration in the elderly population. It is also an important risk factor for the development of degenerative and angiogenic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the process of aging in the retina remain largely elusive.

Weighted genes associated with the progression of retinoblastoma: Evidence from bioinformatic analysis.

Mechanisms underlying the development of malignant retinoblastoma (RB) remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify weighted genes that are associated with the progression of RB and to assess the usefulness of bioinformatic analysis in RB research. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to construct weighted gene co-expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and to predict long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA regulatory networks.

Restoration of H3k27me3 Modification Epigenetically Silences Cry1 Expression and Sensitizes Leptin Signaling to Reduce Obesity-Related Properties.

The trimethylation on histone H3 lysine 27 (H3k27me3), a transcriptionally repressive epigenetic mark of permissive chromatin, can be removed by the histone lysine demethylase 6a (Kdm6a). However, the physiological function of H3k27me3 and Kdm6a on circadian genes remains largely elusive. With the ChIP-Seq and mRNA microarray assays, a critical role is identified for Kdm6a in the regulation of H3k27me3 to impact the expression of Crytochrome 1 (Cry1) in the hypothalamus of diet induced obesity mice.

Efficacy of Origanum vulgare essential oil and carvacrol against the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae).

The toxicity of Origanum vulgare essential oil to the housefly Musca domestica L. was evaluated. The major constituents of the O.

Spectrum of Variants in 389 Chinese Probands With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy.

Purpose: To identify potentially pathogenic variants (PPVs) in Chinese familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) patients in FZD4, LRP5, NDP, TSPAN12, ZNF408, and KIF11 genes.

Methods: Blood samples were collected from probands and their parent(s). Genomic DNA was analyzed by next-generation sequencing, and the sequence of selected variants were validated by Sanger sequencing.

Aqueous cytokine levels associated with severity of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity and treatment response to ranibizumab.

Purpose: To determine the aqueous humor levels of cytokines in eyes with type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) before primary intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR).

Methods: Forty-nine infants with type 1 ROP (56 eyes of 28 infants in the threshold ROP group and 42 eyes of 21 infants in the type 1 pre-threshold ROP group) received primary IVR and 49 aqueous humor samples were obtained preoperatively. Aqueous humor samples from 15 infants (15 eyes) undergoing congenital cataract surgery were used as controls.

Age-related pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic changes in human aqueous humor.

Aim: To reveal age-related aqueous cytokine changes in human aqueous humor.

Methods: Aqueous humor was collected from 12 young children (3-6.5 years old) and 71 healthy adults (22-106 years old) with cataract but without other systemic or ocular disorders.

The Prevalence of Ocular Allergy and Comorbidities in Chinese School Children in Shanghai.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and features of ocular allergy (OA) and comorbidities among school children in Shanghai, China.

Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Each participant completed an ISAAC-based questionnaire.

Identification of novel KIF11 mutations in patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and a phenotypic analysis.

KIF11 gene mutations cause a rare autosomal dominant inheritable disease called microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or mental retardation (MCLMR). Recently, such mutations were also found to be associated with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Here, we report 7 novel KIF11 mutations identified by targeted gene capture in a cohort of 142 probands with FEVR who were diagnosed in our clinic between March 2015 and November 2015.

A potential role for protein palmitoylation and zDHHC16 in DNA damage response.

Background: Cells respond to DNA damage by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-related kinases, p53 and other pathways to promote cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and/or DNA repair. Here we report that protein palmitoylation, a modification carried out by protein acyltransferases with zinc-finger and Asp-His-His-Cys domains (zDHHC), is required for proper DNA damage responses.

Results: Inhibition of protein palmitoylation compromised DNA damage-induced activation of Atm, induction and activation of p53, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and DNA damage foci assembly/disassembly in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts.