Interspecies interactions mediated by arginine metabolism enhance the stress tolerance of against .

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer accompanied by microbiome dysbiosis. Exploration of probiotics against oncogenic microorganisms is promising for CRC treatment. Here, differential microorganisms between CRC and healthy control were analyzed.

Optimization of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production in Brown Rice via Prolonged Seed Priming.

Germinated whole seeds possess elevated levels of bioactive nutrients; however, their application is hindered by several constraints. The germination process is typically time-consuming, and germinated seeds present challenges in terms of storage and transportation compared to dry seeds. This study introduces a novel processing method for rice, termed prolonged priming (PLP), aiming to combine the benefits of germinated and dry seeds.

Water Microdroplets Promote Spontaneous Oxidation of Amino Acid- and Peptide-related Thiols to Disulfide Bonds.

Disulfide bonds (S-S) play a critical role in modern biochemistry, organic synthesis and prebiotic chemistry. Traditional methods for synthesizing disulfide bonds often rely on oxygen, alkali, and metal catalysts. Herein, thiol groups involved in amino acids and peptides were spontaneously converted into symmetrical and unsymmetrical disulfide bonds within water microdroplets, without the need for catalysts or oxygen, and under room temperature.

TRP channels in cancer: Therapeutic opportunities and research strategies.

The influence of gut microbiota on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels has been identified as an important element in the development of gastrointestinal conditions, yet its involvement in cancer progression is not as thoroughly understood. This review explores the multifaceted roles of TRP channels in oncogenesis and emphasizes their significance in cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes. Critical focus was placed on the influence of traditional medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) related aromatic medicines, on TRP channel functions.

Case Report: Allograft aortic valve replacement in irreparable infant mitral valve.

This case report describes a 3-month-old male infant diagnosed with severe mitral stenosis (MS) and mitral regurgitation (MR) by transthoracic echocardiography. The male infant initially underwent complex mitral valve repair surgery. However, postoperative deterioration occurred with hemodynamic instability and shock, necessitating multiple resuscitation efforts and ultimately requiring support from Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO).

Correction: Niu, Y.; Galluzzi, M. Hyaluronic Acid/Collagen Nanofiber Tubular Scaffolds Support Endothelial Cell Proliferation, Phenotypic Shape and Endothelialization. 2021, , 2334.

In the original publication [...

Effects and mechanisms of the myocardial microenvironment on cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration.

The adult mammalian cardiomyocyte has a limited capacity for self-renewal, which leads to the irreversible heart dysfunction and poses a significant threat to myocardial infarction patients. In the past decades, research efforts have been predominantly concentrated on the cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. However, the heart is a complex organ that comprises not only cardiomyocytes but also numerous noncardiomyocyte cells, all playing integral roles in maintaining cardiac function.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of 2-Chloro-8-methoxy-5-methyl-5-indolo [2,3-] Quinoline for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer by Modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathways.

Developing novel drugs from natural products has proven to be a very effective strategy. Neocryptolepine was isolated from , a traditional endemic African herb, which exerts a wide range of biological activities such as antimalaria, antibacterial, and antitumor. 2-Chloro-8-methoxy-5-methyl-5-indolo [2,3-] quinoline (compound ) was synthesized, and its cytotoxicity was assessed on pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells, colorectal cancer HCT116 cells, liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells, and gastric cancer AGS cells .

Ozonolysis of phospholipids at the air-water interface intervened by polyfluoroalkyl substances.

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous in the environment and even accumulate in the human body associated with their excellent stability and persistence. However, the effect and reaction mechanism at the molecular level on the cell phospholipid peroxidation remained unclear. In this work, the interfacial reaction of model phospholipids (POPG) intervened by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) at the air-water interface of a hanged droplet exposed to ozone (O) was investigated.

Heterogeneous hydrochlorination of lipids mediated by fatty acids in an indoor environment.

Fatty acids from cooking fumes and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) released from indoor cleaning adversely affect respiratory health, but the molecular-level mechanism remains unclear. Here, the effect of cooking oil fumes [palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), and linoleic acid (LA)] on lung model phospholipid (POPG) hydrochlorination mediated by HOCl at the air-water interface of the hanged droplets was investigated. Interfacial hydrochlorination of POPG was impeded by OA and LA, while that of POPG was facilitated by PA.

Targeted depletion of PD-1-expressing cells induces immune tolerance through peripheral clonal deletion.

Thymic negative selection of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is essential for establishing self-tolerance and acquired allograft tolerance following organ transplantation. However, it is unclear whether and how peripheral clonal deletion of alloreactive T cells induces transplantation tolerance. Here, we establish that programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a hallmark of alloreactive T cells and is associated with clonal expansion after alloantigen encounter.

Outcomes of Heart Transplantation From Donation After Circulatory Death: An Up-to-date Systematic Meta-analysis.

Background: Donation after circulatory death (DCD) heart transplantation (HTx) significantly expands the donor pool and reduces waitlist mortality. However, high-level evidence-based data on its safety and effectiveness are lacking. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes between DCD and donation after brain death (DBD) HTxs.

Effects of electroacupuncture on repairing neurological damage following ischemic stroke based on miR-381-mediated SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the miR-381, leucine-rich repeat C4 protein (LRRC4), and downstream stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway in rat model of ischemic stroke, and to explore the mechanism by which EA improves neurological damage following ischemic stroke.

Methods: Among 50 SPF male SD rats, 10 rats were randomly selected into a sham surgery group, and the remaining rats were used to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. The 30 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group, an EA group, and an agonist group, with 10 rats in each group.

Nicotiana alkaloids-intervened phospholipid ozonolysis at the air-water interface.

Cigarette nicotiana alkaloids associated with lung and cardiovascular diseases attack enormous attention. However, the mechanism at the molecular level between nicotiana alkaloids and phospholipid ozonolysis remains elusive. Herein, we investigated the interfacial ozonolysis of a hung droplet containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) intervened by nicotiana alkaloids (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, NNK; rac-N'-nitrosonornicotine, NNN; nicotine; and (R,S)-N-nitrosoanasabine, NAT) and followed by on-line mass spectrometry analysis.

High-throughput CRISPR technology: a novel horizon for solid organ transplantation.

Organ transplantation is the gold standard therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, the shortage of available grafts and long-term graft dysfunction remain the primary barriers to organ transplantation. Exploring approaches to solve these issues is urgent, and CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptome editing provides one potential solution.

MEK1/2-PKM2 Pathway Modulates the Immunometabolic Reprogramming of Proinflammatory Allograft-infiltrating Macrophages During Heart Transplant Rejection.

Background: Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of macrophages in heart transplant rejection (HTR). However, the molecular signals modulating the immunometabolic phenotype of allograft-infiltrating macrophages (AIMs) during HTR remain unknown.

Methods: We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data from cardiac graft-infiltrating immunocytes to characterize the activation patterns and metabolic features of AIMs.

Interorgan communication with the liver: novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

The liver is a multifunctional organ that plays crucial roles in numerous physiological processes, such as production of bile and proteins for blood plasma, regulation of blood levels of amino acids, processing of hemoglobin, clearance of metabolic waste, maintenance of glucose, etc. Therefore, the liver is essential for the homeostasis of organisms. With the development of research on the liver, there is growing concern about its effect on immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity.

The OX40-TRAF6 axis promotes CTLA-4 degradation to augment antitumor CD8 T-cell immunity.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), including anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), benefits only a limited number of patients with cancer. Understanding the in-depth regulatory mechanism of CTLA-4 protein stability and its functional significance may help identify ICB resistance mechanisms and assist in the development of novel immunotherapeutic modalities to improve ICB efficacy. Here, we identified that TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) mediates Lys63-linked ubiquitination and subsequent lysosomal degradation of CTLA-4.

MTHFD2 ablation in T cells protects against heart transplant rejection by perturbing IRF4/PD-1 pathway through the metabolic-epigenetic nexus.

Background: One-carbon metabolism supports the activation, proliferation, and function of multiple immune cells. However, researchers have not clearly determined whether and how one-carbon metabolic enzymes contribute to heart transplant rejection.

Methods: We investigated the dynamic metabolic adaptation in grafts during heart transplant rejection by conducting transcriptomics, metabolomics and single-cell RNA sequencing studies of cardiac tissue from human and mouse heart transplant recipients.

Immune Regulation of the Liver Through the PCSK9/CD36 Pathway During Heart Transplant Rejection.

Background: PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9), which is mainly secreted by the liver, is not only a therapeutic target for hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease, but also has been implicated in the immune regulation of infections and tumors. However, the role of PCSK9 and the liver in heart transplant rejection (HTR) and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: We assessed serum PCSK9 expression in both murine and human recipients during HTR and investigated the effect of PCSK9 ablation on HTR by using global knockout mice and a neutralizing antibody.

CFNC, a neocryptolepine derivative, inhibited the growth of gastric cancer AGS cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Gastric cancer is highly heterogeneous and there is still a lack of efficient, low-toxicity small molecule compounds for the treatment of gastric cancer. Natural products are important sources for the development of antitumor compounds. Therefore, it is promising strategy to find the lead compound of anti-gastric cancer agents by structural modification of natural products.