Virulent isolates with diverse morphologies show similar invasion and colonization strategies in alfalfa.

Root rot is a major disease that causes decline of alfalfa production, and is a major pathogen associated with root rot. In this study, 13 isolates were obtained from alfalfa with root rot in Gansu Province, the major alfalfa production region in China. The isolates were characterized by molecular genotyping (, and fragments) and identified as six species, which included the , , , , , and .

First Report of powdery mildew of (Fagaceae) Caused by .

Oaks are the most abundant trees in naturally regenerated forests in China, play a crucial role in preventing soil erosion and maintaining ecological stability (Du et al. 2022). H.

The 3'tsRNAs are aminoacylated: Implications for their biogenesis.

Emerging evidence indicates that tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are involved in fine-tuning gene expression and become dysregulated in various cancers. We recently showed that the 22nt LeuCAG3´tsRNA from the 3´ end of tRNALeu is required for efficient translation of a ribosomal protein mRNA and ribosome biogenesis. Inactivation of this 3´tsRNA induced apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells and suppressed the growth of a patient-derived orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.

Heat stress-induced transposon activation correlates with 3D chromatin organization rearrangement in Arabidopsis.

In higher eukaryotes, heterochromatin is mainly composed of transposable elements (TEs) silenced by epigenetic mechanisms. But, the silencing of certain heterochromatin-associated TEs is disrupted by heat stress. By comparing genome-wide high-resolution chromatin packing patterns under normal or heat conditions obtained through Hi-C analysis, we show here that heat stress causes global rearrangement of the 3D genome in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Optimizing laboratory test utilization in long-term acute care hospitals.

Laboratory tests can be considered inappropriate if overused or when repeated, unnecessary "routine" testing occurs. For chronically critically ill patients treated in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs), inappropriate testing may result in unnecessary blood draws that could potentially harm patients or increase infections. A quality improvement initiative was designed to increase physician awareness of their patterns of lab utilization in the LTACH environment.

SUVH2 and SUVH9 Couple Two Essential Steps for Transcriptional Gene Silencing in Arabidopsis.

In Arabidopsis, an RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway (RdDM) is responsible for de novo establishment of DNA methylation and contributes to transcriptional gene silencing. Recently, the microrchidia (MORC)-type ATPases were shown to play essential roles in enforcing transcriptional gene silencing of a subset of genes and transposons by regulating the formation of higher-order chromatin architecture. However, how MORC proteins cooperate with the RdDM pathway components to regulate gene expression remains largely unclear.

Fluorous-Assisted One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis.

A new method for oligosaccharide assembly that combines the advantages of one-pot synthesis and fluorous separation is described. After one-pot glycosylations are completed, a fluorous tag is introduced into the reaction mixture to selectively "catch" the desired oligosaccharide, which is rapidly separated from non-fluorous impurities by fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE). Subsequent "release" of the fluo rous tag and F-SPE achieved the purification of the desired oligosaccharide without the use of time- and solvent-consuming silica gel chromatography.

Syntheses of Lewis(x) and dimeric Lewis(x): construction of branched oligosaccharides by a combination of preactivation and reactivity based chemoselective one-pot glycosylations.

Two asymmetrically branched oligosaccharides, LewisX and dimeric LewisX, were assembled in one pot with high yields and exclusive regio- and stereoselectivities. p-Tolyl thioglycosides were utilized as the sole type of building blocks, thus simplifying the overall synthetic design. The reactivity-independent nature of the preactivation based method allows modular assembly of the dimeric LewisX octasaccharide without the need for tedious protective group manipulation to achieve exact anomeric reactivities.