The Biomechanical Screening Game between Visitor Power and Staminode Operative Strength of (Ranunculaceae).

During the evolution of angiosperm flowers, some floral traits may undergo certain changes in order to participate in screening. The stamens and pistils of are covered by two "door-like" staminodes, the evolutionary function of which, however, is quite unknown. In this study, we investigated whether staminodes acted as visitor filters by assessing the respective strengths of staminodes and visitor insects (six bee species).

A Decrease in the Staminode-Mediated Visitor Screening Mechanism in Response to Nectar Robbers Positively Affects Reproduction in Jacq. ex Camb. (Ranunculaceae).

Nectar-robbing insects, which are frequently described as cheaters in plant-pollinator mutualisms, may affect plant reproductive fitness by obtaining nectar rewards without providing pollination services. The negative effects of nectar robbing on plant reproductive success have been widely reported, but the reasons for possible positive effects demand further investigation. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effects of nectar robbing on the reproductive success of .

Transforming growth factor‑β1 functions as a competitive endogenous RNA that ameliorates intracranial hemorrhage injury by sponging microRNA‑93‑5p.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has the highest mortality rate of all stroke subtypes but an effective treatment has yet to be clinically implemented. Transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) has been reported to modulate microglia‑mediated neuroinflammation after ICH and promote functional recovery; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Non‑coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) have surfaced as critical regulators in human disease.

Fyn gene silencing reduces oligodendrocytes apoptosis through inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation in epilepsy.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Fyn gene silencing on the apoptosis of oligodendrocytes (OLs) in epileptic model and the involved mechanism. Primary oligodendrocyte pro-genitor cells (OPCs) were separated from rats and differentiated to OLs. Immunofluorescent labeling showed positive expression of A2B5 in OPCs and Olig2 in OLs, suggesting the successful separation of OPCs and OLs.

Zebra leaf 15, a receptor-like protein kinase involved in moderate low temperature signaling pathway in rice.

Background: Zebra leaf mutants are an important resource for studying leaf colour in rice. In most such mutants, the zebra leaf phenotype results from defective chloroplast biogenesis. The molecular mechanism by which zebra leaves develop remains unclear, so additional zebra-leaf mutants need to be identified.

First finding of familial spinal cerebellar Ataxia11 in China: clinical, imaging and genetic features.

Background: Spinal cerebellar ataxia 11 (SCA11) is a rare disease, characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, abnormal eye sign. Four families have been reported in the past. We report on China's first family with spinocerebellar ataxia 11.

MiR-21-5p/dual-specificity phosphatase 8 signalling mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of haem oxygenase-1 in aged intracerebral haemorrhage rats.

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a severe neurological disorder caused by bleeding within the brain tissue. Inflammation has been implicated in ICH pathogenesis and is a potential therapeutic target for ICH. Haemin, an activator of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), rapidly increases HO-1 protein expression and activity and has been shown to distinctly affect anti-inflammatory functions after central nervous system (CNS) injury.