[Research progress of Schöttle's method for femoral tunnel localization in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction].

Objective: To review the research progress of Schöttle's method in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR), and provide the latest knowledge and suggestions for surgical treatment.

Methods: The studies on Schöttle's method at home and abroad in recent years were extensively collected, then summarized the problems affecting the accuracy of Schöttle's method and the new ideas to improve the accuracy of localization.

Results: It's vital to accurately locate the femoral tunnel during MPFLR.

[Research progress on femoral attachment positioning during medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction].

Objective: To review research progress on femoral attachment positioning during medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, so as to provide a reference for accurate positioning in clinic.

Methods: The literature at home and abroad on femoral attachment positioning during MPFL reconstruction was extensively reviewed and summarized.

Results: MPFL is the main ligament that restricts patellar outward migration, so MPFL reconstruction is the main treatment for patellar dislocation, but the accuracy of intraoperative femoral attachment positioning will significantly affect the effectiveness.

[Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on 5-keto-gluconic acid production].

Gluconobacter oxydans is known to oxidize glucose to gluconic acid (GA), and subsequently, to 2-keto-gluconic acid (2KGA) and 5-keto-gluconic acid (5KGA), while 5KGA can be converted to L-(+)-tartaric acid. In order to increase the production of 5KGA, Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1 that converts GA to 5KGA exclusively was chosen in this study, and effects of carbon sources (lactose, maltose, sucrose, amylum and glucose) and nitrogen sources (yeast extract, fish meal, corn steep liquor, soybean meal and cotton-seed meal) on 5KGA production were investigated. Results of experiment in 500 mL shake-flask show that the highest yield of 5KGA (98.