Production, structural and functional properties of dietary fiber from prosomillet bran obtained through Bifidobacterium fermentation.

The effects of Bifidobacterium fermentation on dietary fiber (DF) of prosomillet bran were studied. Firstly, optimal fermentation conditions for extracting soluble dietary fiber were determined through single factor tests and orthogonal experiments. The structural features were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, particle size analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and monosaccharide content.

A transcription factor SlWRKY71 activated the HS generating enzyme SlDCD1 enhancing the response to Pseudomonas syringae pv DC3000 in tomato leaves.

HS is a well-known gaseous signaling molecule that plays important roles in plant response to biotic stresses. Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) could cause enormous loss, while whether HS could modulate plant defense against Pst is still unclear. By CRISPR/Cas9, the Sldcd1 gene editing mutant showed reduced endogenous HS content and attenuated resistance, whereas treatment with exogenous HS could enhance the resistance.

Significance of supervision sampling in control of communicable respiratory disease simulated by a new model during different stages of the disease.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) interventions in interrupting transmission have paid heavy losses politically and economically. The Chinese government has replaced scaling up testing with monitoring focus groups and randomly supervising sampling, encouraging scientific research on the COVID-19 transmission curve to be confirmed by constructing epidemiological models, which include statistical models, computer simulations, mathematical illustrations of the pathogen and its effects, and several other methodologies. Although predicting and forecasting the propagation of COVID-19 are valuable, they nevertheless present an enormous challenge.

Effect of acupuncture on the gait disturbance and hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment and behavioral impairment. The gait of AD patients is attracting the increasing attention. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to explore the effect of acupuncture on the cognitive function, gait performance, and hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortices.

Trends and Clinical Implications of Pediatric Pulmonary Function After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review.

Background And Aims: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a key therapeutic approach for pediatric patients with hematologic and non-hematologic disorders. However, post-transplant pulmonary complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are essential for the early detection of pulmonary dysfunction, yet their application in pediatric HSCT recipients has yielded inconsistent results.

Genetic deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of cGAS-STING signalling suppresses kidney inflammation and fibrosis.

Background And Purpose: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterised by inflammation, which can lead to tubular atrophy and fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the functional role of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)- stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling in renal inflammation and fibrosis.

Comprehensive Cellular Senescence Evaluation to Aid Targeted Therapies.

Drug resistance to a single agent is common in cancer-targeted therapies, and rational drug combinations are a promising approach to overcome this challenge. Many Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs can induce cellular senescence, which possesses unique vulnerabilities and molecular signatures. However, there is limited analysis on the effect of the combination of cellular-senescence-inducing drugs and targeted therapy drugs.

Indole-3-acetic acid enhances ruminal microbiota for aflatoxin B1 removal fermentation.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been recognized as a serious health risk for ruminant animals. From a molecular perspective, indole-3-acid (IAA) possesses the potential to enhance the removal of AFB1 by rumen microbiota. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of different concentrations of IAA on the removal of AFB1 by rumen microbiota using an technique.

An Importin Protein SlIMPA3 Interacts with SlLCD1 and Regulates Tomato Fruit Ripening.

A nuclear-localized cysteine desulfhydrase, LCD1, plays a crucial role in mediating endogenous hydrogen sulfide production in tomatoes. However, the mechanism underlying the nuclear localization of SlLCD1 is not yet fully understood. In this study, it was found that SlLCD1 specifically interacted with nuclear import receptor importin α3 (SlIMPA3).

Integrated hepatic transcriptomics and metabolomics identify Pck1 as a key factor in the broad dysregulation induced by vehicle pollutants.

Background: Exposure to air pollution is associated with worldwide morbidity and mortality. Diesel exhaust (DE) emissions are important contributors which induce vascular inflammation and metabolic disturbances by unknown mechanisms. We aimed to determine molecular pathways activated by DE in the liver that could be responsible for its cardiometabolic toxicity.

Achieving Photocatalytic Overall Nitrogen Fixation via an Enzymatic Pathway on a Distorted CoP Configuration.

Photocatalytic nitrogen (N) fixation over semiconductors has always suffered from poor conversion efficiency owing to weak N adsorption and the difficulty of N≡N triple bond dissociation. Herein, a Co single-atom catalyst (SAC) model with a C-defect-evoked CoP distorted configuration was fabricated using a selective phosphidation strategy, wherein P-doping and C defects co-regulate the local electronic structure of Co sites. Comprehensive experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the distorted CoP configuration caused a strong charge redistribution between the Co atoms and adjacent C atoms, minimizing their electronegativity difference.

Hydrogen gas inhalation prior to high-intensity training reduces attenuation of nitric oxide bioavailability in male rugby players.

Background: Inhalation of hydrogen gas (H) as an antioxidant supplement may alleviate exercise-induced oxidative damage and protect post-exercise hydrogen peroxide signaling, which may help mediate beneficial exercise adaptation. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of H inhalation on plasma nitric oxide (NO) level and its synthesis precursor in professional athletes.

Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial was conducted with professional male rugby players for 3 weeks.

Magnesium-Based Composite Calcium Phosphate Cement Promotes Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis for Minipig Vertebral Defect Regeneration.

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is an injectable bone cement with excellent biocompatibility, widely used for filling bone defects of various shapes. However, its slow degradation, insufficient mechanical strength, and poor osteoinductivity limit its further clinical applications. In this study, we developed a novel composite magnesium-based calcium phosphate cement by integrating magnesium microspheres into PLGA fibers obtained through wet spinning and incorporating these fibers into CPC.

Contrasting pollution responses of native and non-native fish communities in anthropogenically disturbed estuaries unveiled by eDNA metabarcoding.

Understanding the influence of environmental pollutants on the assembly mechanisms of estuarine fish communities is vital for addressing conservation challenges in these biodiverse ecosystems. Although significant research has explored the toxic impacts of pollutants such as petroleum, heavy metals, and eutrophication on individual species and populations, their effects on community assembly processes and the differential responses of native versus non-native fish at the meta-community level remain inadequately understood. This study utilized environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to analyze fish community diversity across 28 subtropical estuaries in China, assessing how these pollutants affect community composition and assembly mechanisms.

Laser Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy: History, Mechanism, and Novel Technologies.

: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), as a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), remains a significant contributor to preventable vision impairment in the working-age population. Laser photocoagulation is essential in treating DR in conjunction with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection, steroids, and vitrectomy. This review summarizes the history of laser photocoagulation and highlights its current role and long-term effectiveness in real-world conditions.

Innovative In Situ Passivation Strategy for High-Efficiency Sb(S,Se) Solar Cells.

An effective defect passivation strategy is crucial for enhancing the performance of antimony selenosulfide (Sb(S,Se)) solar cells, as it significantly influences charge transport and extraction efficiency. Herein, a convenient and novel in situ passivation (ISP) technique is successfully introduced to enhance the performance of Sb(S,Se) solar cells, achieving a champion efficiency of 10.81%, which is among the highest recorded for Sb(S,Se) solar cells to date.

Organic nanoparticles with tunable size and rigidity by hyperbranching and cross-linking using microemulsion ATRP.

Unlike inorganic nanoparticles, organic nanoparticles (oNPs) offer the advantage of "interior tailorability," thereby enabling the controlled variation of physicochemical characteristics and functionalities, for example, by incorporation of diverse functional small molecules. In this study, a unique inimer-based microemulsion approach is presented to realize oNPs with enhanced control of chemical and mechanical properties by deliberate variation of the degree of hyperbranching or cross-linking. The use of anionic cosurfactants led to oNPs with superior uniformity.

Decreased serum levels of SETD1A protein in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: SET domain-containing protein 1A (SETD1A) histone lysine N-methyltransferase may serve as a biomarker for the auxiliary diagnosis and treatment assessment of schizophrenia (SCZ). The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of SETD1A protein between patients with SCZ and health controls.

Methods: Patients with SCZ and health controls were recruited from the Sixth Hospital of Changchun and the 'Survey on Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors among Adults in Jilin Province', respectively.

Nano implant surface triggers autophagy through membrane curvature distortion to regulate the osteogenic differentiation.

Anodized titania nanotubes have been considered as an effective coating for bone implants due to their ability to induce osteogenesis, whereas the osteogenic mechanism is not fully understood. Our previous study has revealed the potential role of autophagy in osteogenic regulation of nanotubular surface, whereas how the autophagy is activated remains unknown. In this study, we focused on the cell membrane curvature-sensing protein Bif-1 and its effect on the regulation of autophagy.

Selective and Controlled Grafting from PVDF-Based Materials by Oxygen-Tolerant Green-Light-Mediated ATRP.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) shows excellent chemical and thermal resistance and displays high dielectric strength and unique piezoelectricity, which are enabling for applications in membranes, electric insulators, sensors, or power generators. However, its low polarity and lack of functional groups limit wider applications. While inert, PVDF has been modified by grafting polymer chains by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), albeit via an unclear mechanism, given the strong C-F bonds.