Comparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy, modafinil, and their combination for treating fatigue in multiple sclerosis (COMBO-MS): a randomised, statistician-blinded, parallel-arm trial.

Background: Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms reported by people with multiple sclerosis. Although behavioural and pharmacological interventions might be partly beneficial, their combined effects have not been evaluated for multiple sclerosis fatigue, or examined with sufficient consideration of characteristics that might affect treatment response. In this comparative effectiveness research trial, we compared the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), modafinil, and their combination for treating multiple sclerosis fatigue.

The cellular adaptor GULP1 interacts with ATG14 to potentiate autophagy and APP processing.

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic mechanism by which unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components are removed. The dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the molecular mechanism(s)/molecules that influence autophagy may provide important insights into developing therapeutic strategies against AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.

[Correlation between drug-induced liver injury in rats caused by Xianling Gubao oral preparation and extraction process].

In light of the liver injury risk associated with the oral administration of Xianlin Gubao oral preparation, this study compared the differences in liver injury induced by two different extraction processes in rats and explored the correlation between hepatotoxicity and extraction process from the perspective of the differences in the content of the relevant components. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group, tablet extract groups of different doses, and capsule extract groups of different doses, with 6 rats in each group. Each group received continuous oral administration for 4 weeks.

Amyloid precursor protein and its interacting proteins in neurodevelopment.

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide is derived from it. Two closely related APP family proteins (APPs) have also been identified in mammals. Current knowledge, including genetic analyses of gain- and loss-of-function mutants, highlights the importance of APPs in various physiological functions.

Insulin stimulates atypical protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of the neuronal adaptor FE65 to potentiate neurite outgrowth by activating ARF6-Rac1 signaling.

Neurite outgrowth is a fundamental process in neurons that produces extensions and, consequently, neural connectivity. Neurite damage and atrophy are observed in various brain injuries and disorders. Understanding the intrinsic pathways of neurite outgrowth is essential for developing strategies to stimulate neurite regeneration.

ARNO is recruited by the neuronal adaptor FE65 to potentiate ARF6-mediated neurite outgrowth.

ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is a small GTPase that has a variety of neuronal functions including stimulating neurite outgrowth, a crucial process for the establishment and maintenance of neural connectivity. As impaired and atrophic neurites are often observed in various brain injuries and neurological diseases, understanding the intrinsic pathways that stimulate neurite outgrowth may provide insights into developing strategies to trigger the reconnection of injured neurons. The neuronal adaptor FE65 has been shown to interact with ARF6 and potentiate ARF6-mediated neurite outgrowth.

Split and combine simulation extrapolation algorithm to correct geocoding coarsening of built environment exposures.

A major challenge in studies relating built environment features to health is measurement error in exposure due to geocoding errors. Faulty geocodes in built environment data introduce errors to exposure assessments that may induce bias in the corresponding health effect estimates. In this study, we examine the distribution of the measurement error in measures constructed from point-referenced exposures, quantify the extent of bias in exposure effect estimates due to geocode coarsening, and extend the simulation extrapolation (SIMEX) method to correct the bias.

Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown impacts: A description in a longitudinal study of bipolar disorder.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of the SAR-Cov-2 pandemic and lockdown on individuals with bipolar disorder in comparison to healthy controls.

Methods: A longitudinal study of 560 participants including 147 healthy controls was conducted between April 30 and May 30, 2020 during a state-wide lockdown. Bi-weekly measures included the Coronavirus Impact Scale, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, the Patient Health Questionnaire, 9-item, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, 7-item.