Responses of soil greenhouse gas fluxes to land management in forests and grasslands: A global meta-analysis.

Land management practices significantly influence soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Despite individual measurements of the impacts of forest and grassland ecosystem management practices (FGEM) on GHG emissions, a comprehensive global-scale synthesis and comparison remain absent. In this study, a global meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the responses of three key soil GHGs, including carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), and nitrous oxide (NO), to various FGEM, including forest burning (FB) and thinning (FT), grassland grazing (GG), fencing (GF), and mowing (GM) based on 1643 observations from 317 individual studies.

Low-Dose Oral Ginger Improves Daily Symptom Scores in Asthma.

A significant number of individuals with asthma have poorly controlled daily symptoms and utilize dietary supplements such as ginger in a quest for improved symptom control; however, its effectiveness at improving the control of symptoms is unproven. We questioned whether low-dose oral ginger would improve subjective and objective measurements of asthma control in mild-to-moderate asthmatics. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study of a low dose (1 g twice daily) of a dietary supplement of ginger in 32 mild-to-moderate uncontrolled asthmatics over a 2-month trial period while maintaining daily conventional asthma therapies.

Radiation therapy for childhood-onset craniopharyngioma: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Craniopharyngioma (CP), a benign tumor originating from remnants of Rathke's pouch in the sellar region, accounts for approximately 30% of all cases of craniopharyngioma. Radiation therapy has been used to treat CP patients for decades; however, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the long-term tumor control outcomes in pediatric CP patients treated with external radiation therapy.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases for studies on the tumor progression rates of childhood-onset CP(COCP) patients who received external radiotherapy.

Modeling craniopharyngioma for drug screening reveals a neuronal mechanism for tumor growth.

Tumors occurring along the hypothalamus-pituitary axis receive axonal projection from neuroendocrine neurons, but it remains unclear whether neuroendocrine neuronal activity drives tumor expansion. Craniopharyngioma is a common suprasellar tumor with a propensity for invading the hypothalamus, leading to devastating endocrine and metabolic disorders. Here, we developed two autochthonous animal models that faithfully recapitulate the molecular pathology, clinical manifestations, and transcriptomic profiles of papillary craniopharyngioma.

PartIES: a disease subtyping framework with Partition-level Integration using diffusion-Enhanced Similarities from multi-omics Data.

Integrating multi-omics data helps identify disease subtypes. Many similarity-based methods were developed for disease subtyping using multi-omics data, with many of them focusing on extracting common clustering structures across multiple types of omics data, but not preserving data-type-specific clustering structures. Moreover, clustering performance of similarity-based methods is affected when similarity measures are noisy.

Major air pollution and climate policies in NYC and trends in NYC air quality 1998-2021.

Introduction: Air pollution poses serious health risks to humans, with particular harm to children.

Objectives: To address the gap in understanding the efficacy of policies to reduce exposure to air pollution, we sought to assess the temporal relationship between the enactment of major air pollution and climate policies in NYC and trends in air quality during the period 1998-2021. We used previously available data from citywide monitoring and new data from the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health (CCCEH) longitudinal cohort studies of mothers and children living in communities in Northern Manhattan and the South Bronx.

Prenatal exposure to air pollution during the early and middle stages of pregnancy is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes at ages 1 to 3 years.

Background: A large body of data shows that fetal brain development is vulnerable to disruption by air pollution experienced by the mother during pregnancy, adversely affecting cognitive and psychomotor capabilities during childhood (De Asis-Cruz et al., Biol Psychiatry 7:480-90, 2022; Morgan ZEM et al., Environ Health 22:11, 2023).

Visible Light-Induced 1,2-Diphenyldisulfane-Mediated Defluoroborylation of Polyfluoroarenes.

A green and practical protocol of defluoroborylation of polyfluoroarenes with stable and readily accessible NHC-borane was developed, using 1,2-diphenyldisulfane as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and single electron transfer (SET) reagent precursor under visible-light irradiation, leading to the concise formation of value-added fluorinated organoboron scaffolds. Mechanism studies revealed the method underwent a boryl radical addition reaction with polyfluoroarene, followed by successive single electron transfer pathways and defluorination of the C-F bond to offer the targeted product. This unprecedented platform relies on 1,2-diphenyldisulfane and base without using expensive photocatalysts, highlighting the methodology has promising application value to prepare borylated polyfluoroarene compounds.

Serum sodium level fluctuations following the resection of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.

Background: Craniopharyngiomas are low-grade malignancies (WHO I) in the sellar region. Most cases of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma are adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, and neurosurgery is the treatment of choice. Affected patients have postoperative complications, including water and electrolyte disturbances, because these malignancies develop near the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.

MK-BMC: a Multi-Kernel framework with Boosted distance metrics for Microbiome data for Classification.

Motivation: Research on human microbiome has suggested associations with human health, opening opportunities to predict health outcomes using microbiome. Studies have also suggested that diverse forms of taxa such as rare taxa that are evolutionally related and abundant taxa that are evolutionally unrelated could be associated with or predictive of a health outcome. Although prediction models were developed for microbiome data, no prediction models currently exist that use multiple forms of microbiome-outcome associations.

Postoperative hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and long-term hormone replacement in patients with childhood-onset craniopharyngioma.

Objective: Hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction is a common complication in post-operative craniopharyngioma(CP) patients, and it greatly impacts the long-term quality of life of such patients. To better understand the effects of postoperative hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction and long-term hormone replacement therapy in patients with childhood CP, we assessed approximately 200 patients with childhood-onset CP postoperatively.

Methods: Clinical details of patients with childhood-onset CP who underwent sellar tumor resection in Beijing Children's Hospital and Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2018 to 2019 were retrieved retrospectively.

Case report: Clinical manifestations and genotype analysis of a child with and mutations.

Background: The gene, located at 12q24. 13, encodes protein tyrosine phosphatase 2C. Mutations in the gene can lead to various phenotypes, including Noonan syndrome and LEOPARD syndrome.

Predicting Poor Outcome of COVID-19 Patients on the Day of Admission with the COVID-19 Score.

Background: COVID-19 may result in multiorgan failure and death. Early detection of patients at risk may allow triage and more intense monitoring. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, objective admission score, based on laboratory tests, that identifies patients who are likely going to deteriorate.

CVm6A: A Visualization and Exploration Database for m⁶As in Cell Lines.

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) has been identified in various biological processes and plays important regulatory functions in diverse cells. However, there is still no visualization database for exploring global m⁶A patterns across cell lines. Here we collected all available MeRIP-Seq and m⁶A-CLIP-Seq datasets from public databases and identified 340,950 and 179,201 m⁶A peaks dependent on 23 human and eight mouse cell lines respectively.

Alkaline-promoted regulation of the peroxidase-like activity of Ni/Co LDHs and development bioassays.

Nanozymes' activities could be regulated by a simple and effective pH change in an in situ manner. In this work, for the first time, the peroxidase-like activity of Ni/Co layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was regulated via the alkaline-promoted reaction of fluorogenic substrate homovanillic acid and HO, and a promising tool for pH sensing was developed over the pH range of 8.3-9.