Effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine with intravenous anesthesia on postoperative emergence agitation/delirium in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy: A CONSORT-prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Postoperative emergence agitation/delirium (POED) is a common complication in pediatric surgery patients, which increases the risk of developing postoperative airway obstruction and respiratory depression. This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and its effects on POED in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.Sixty patients scheduled for tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy, aged 2 to 8 years, were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n = 30).

Activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway contributes to the protective effects of 100% oxygen inhalation on zymosan-induced generalized inflammation in mice.

Background: The 100% oxygen inhalation has been demonstrated to have a protective effect on mice with zymosan-induced generalized inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. The present study was designed to explore the role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in this animal model.

β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist butoxamine partly abolishes the protection of 100% oxygen treatment against zymosan-induced generalized inflammation in mice.

We have demonstrated that 100% oxygen inhalation is beneficial to zymosan-induced generalized inflammation, and reactive oxygen species may be involved in the protection of oxygen treatment. Other investigators suggest that reactive oxygen species may modulate the sympathetic nervous system activity and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR)-mediated pathway. Moreover, studies have demonstrated that β2AR agonists are beneficial to sepsis.

Hydrogen gas improves survival rate and organ damage in zymosan-induced generalized inflammation model.

Sepsis/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients. Recently, it has been suggested that hydrogen gas (H2) exerts a therapeutic antioxidant activity by selectively reducing hydroxyl radical (•OH, the most cytotoxic reactive oxygen species). We have found that H2 inhalation significantly improved the survival rate and organ damage of septic mice with moderate or severe cecal ligation and puncture.

Protective effects of hydrogen gas on murine polymicrobial sepsis via reducing oxidative stress and HMGB1 release.

Despite recent advances in antibiotic therapy and intensive care, sepsis is still considered to be the most common cause of death in intensive care units. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Recently, it has been suggested that molecular hydrogen (H2) exerts a therapeutic antioxidant activity by selectively reducing hydroxyl radicals (*OH, the most cytotoxic reactive oxygen species) and effectively protects against organ damage induced by I/R.

Ginsenoside Rg8, a new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponin from roots of Panax quinquefolium.

A new dammarane-type triterpenoid saponin, ginsenoside Rg(8) (1), was isolated from the roots of Panax quinquefolium, along with five known saponins, (20E)-ginsenoside F(4) (2), ginsenosides Rh(1) (3), Rg(2) (4), F(1) (5), and (20R)-ginsenoside Rh(1) (6). The structure of ginsenoside Rg(8) (1) was determined to be (3beta,6alpha,12beta,20E)-24,25-epoxy-3,12,23-trihydroxydammar-20(22)-en-6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside by various spectroscopic analyses. Among the known saponins, (20E)-ginsenoside F(4) (2) and ginsenoside F(1) (5) were first reported from the title plant.

[Study on chemical constituents from Opuntia dillenii].

Objective: To study the chemical composition of Opuntia dillenii.

Method: Many kinds of chromatography methods were used in the isolation procedure, while the structures of isolated compounds were determined on the aids of NMR and MS spectral analysis.

Result: A new compound, together with five known compounds, was isolated form the 80% ethanolic extract of its stems.

New amide alkaloids from the roots of Piper nigrum.

Seven new amide alkaloids, named N-isobutyl-4-hexanoyl-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-one (1), (+/-)-erythro-1-(1-oxo-4,5-dihydroxy-2E-decaenyl)piperidine (2), (+/-)-threo-1-(1- oxo-4,5-dihydroxy-2E-decaenyl)piperidine (3), (+/-)-threo-N-isobutyl-4,5-dihydroxy-2E-octaenamide (4), 1-(1,6-dioxo-2E,4E-decadienyl)piperidine (5), 1-[1-oxo-3(3,4-methylenedioxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-2Z-propenyl]piperidine (6), and 1-[1-oxo-5(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2Z,4E-pentadienyl]pyrrolidine (7), were isolated from the roots of Piper nigrum, together with 32 known amides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.

[Study on the chemical constituents of the roots of commercial ginseng].

Objective: To isolate and elucidate the constituents from the roots of Commercial Ginseng.

Method: Column chromatography and HPLC were used to isolate chemical constituents. Physico-chemical characters and spectr-oscopic analysis were employed for structural identification.

Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of two phytosterols from roots of Piper nigrum.

Using modern NMR techniques, including DQF-COSY, NOESY, HETCOR and HMBC, the full assignments of all 1H and 13C chemical shifts were made for stigmastane-3,6-dione and stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione, isolated from the roots of Piper nigrum (Piperaceae). Their stereochemistry was resolved by a combination of 2D NOESY data and analysis of coupling constants. The two compounds were isolated from the genus Piper for the first time.

[The isolation and identification of a new alpha-pyrone from Opuntia dillenii].

Aim: To study the chemical composition of Opuntia dillenii Haw.

Methods: Many kinds of chromatography methods were used to separate the chemical constituents. Their structures were determined by NMR and MS spectral analysis.

A novel biflavonoid from roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis cultivated in China.

A novel biflavonoid named licobichalcone was isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis cultivated in China, along with twelve known compounds, including five chalcones, two isoflavones, two flavanones, two flavones and one pterocarpan. Their structures were respectively elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.