Comparative toxicity and enzymatic detoxification responses in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to two insecticides.

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), poses a significant threat to food security, necessitating effective management strategies. While chemical control remains a primary approach, understanding the toxicity and detoxification mechanisms of different insecticides is crucial. In this study, we conducted leaf-dipping bioassays to assess the toxicity of quinalphos and beta-cypermethrin·emamectin benzoate (β-cyp·EMB) on S.

Effects of different afforestation years on soil moisture and nutrient content in Maxian Mountain of the Loess Plateau.

In the area of "returning farmland to forest" on the Loess Plateau in China, it is difficult to cultivate artificially planted trees into forests. In the current study, abandoned cultivated land after 10 years of natural restoration served as controls (CK), while the treatments included afforestation periods of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years. Soil samples were collected from various depths: 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, to 80-100 cm.

Molecular Characterization Analysis and Adaptive Responses of (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Nutritional and Enzymatic Variabilities in Various Maize Cultivars.

The fall armyworm, Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a common agricultural pest known for its extensive migration and wide host ranges, causes considerable harm to maize ( L.). In this study, we utilized two molecular marker genes, and , to compare the genetic characteristics of the collected original samples.

Transcriptomic and biochemical insights into fall armyworm () responses on silicon-treated maize.

Background: The fall armyworm, , is an agricultural pest of significant economic concern globally, known for its adaptability, pesticide resistance, and damage to key crops such as maize. Conventional chemical pesticides pose challenges, including the development of resistance and environmental pollution. The study aims to investigate an alternative solution: the application of soluble silicon (Si) sources to enhance plant resistance against the fall armyworm.

Oviposition Preference and Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Analysis of (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Different Maize Varieties.

Host plants play an important role in the growth, development, and reproduction of insects. However, only a few studies have reported the effects of maize varieties on the growth and reproduction of . In this study, a free-choice test was used to evaluate the oviposition preferences of female adults on ten common maize varieties and ten special maize varieties.

Effects of different plantation years on grassland plant community in Maxian Mountain area of the Loess Plateau.

Plant communities in the Loess Plateau's artificial afforestation forests play an important role in fragile ecosystem restoration. Therefore, the composition, coverage, biomass, diversity, and similarity of grassland plant communities in different years of artificial afforestation in cultivated land were investigated. The effects of years of artificial afforestation on grassland plant community succession in the Loess Plateau were also investigated.

Potato ( L.) Leaf Extract Concentration Affects Performance and Oxidative Stress in Green Peach Aphids (Sulzer).

This study was conducted to determine the aphicidal effect of a leaf extract of the Atlantic potato cultivar on the performance of green peach aphids. Three concentrations of the leaf extract (100, 75, and 50% potato extract), synthetic pesticide (Beta cypermethrin 4.5%), and distilled water (control) treatments were applied in a greenhouse experiment.

Responses of Six Wheat Cultivars () to Wheat Aphid () Infestation.

Resistant variety screening is widely recommended for the management of . The purpose of this study was to assess responses of six wheat varieties (lines) to . The aphid quantity ratio (AQR) was used to assess resistance.

Responses of Fungi Maggot ( Johannsen) to Allyl Isothiocyanate and High CO.

Botanical pesticide is highly recommended for integrated pest management (IPM), due to its merits such as environmental friendliness, safe to non-target organisms, operators, animals, and food consumers. The experiment was conducted to determine the lethal and sub-lethal effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on eggs, third instar larvae, pupae, and females and males of Johannsen (). Different concentrations of AITC under ambient CO by the conical flask sealed fumigation method were used for the experiment.

The Impact of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on the Sugar Contents and Protective Enzymes in .

Natural and anthropogenic changes have been altering many environmental factors. These include the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. However, the effects of solar radiation on insect physiology have received little attention.

Trehalose and glucose levels regulate feeding behavior of the phloem-feeding insect, the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris.

Trehalose serves multifarious roles in growth and development of insects. In this study, we demonstrated that the high trehalose diet increased the glucose content, and high glucose diet increased the glucose content but decreased the trehalose content of Acyrthosiphon pisum. RNA interference (RNAi) of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (ApTPS) decreased while RNAi of trehalase gene (ApTRE) increased the trehalose and glucose contents.

Long-Term Effect of Elevated CO on the Development and Nutrition Contents of the Pea Aphid ().

It is predicted that the current atmospheric CO level will be doubled by the end of this century. Here, we investigate the impacts of elevated CO (550 and 750 μL/L) on the development and nutrition status of the green pea aphid for six generations, which is longer than previous studies. All seven examined physiological parameters were not affected over six generations under the ambient CO level (380 μL/L).

RNA interference of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalase genes regulates chitin metabolism in two color morphs of Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris.

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalase (TRE) directly regulate trehalose metabolism and indirectly regulate chitin metabolism in insects. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and RNA interference (RNAi) were used to detect the expressions and functions of the ApTPS and ApTRE genes. Abnormal phenotypes were found after RNAi of ApTRE in the Acyrthosiphon pisum.

Comparison of root tolerance to drought and aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) resistance among different potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars.

This study was conducted to determine the root system architecture and biochemical responses of three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars to drought and aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation under greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment comprising three potato cultivars (Qingshu 9, Longshu 3, and Atlantic), two levels of water (Well watered and drought) application and aphid infestation (Aphids and no aphids) was conducted.

Host plant nutrient contents influence nutrient contents in Bradysia cellarum and Bradysia impatiens.

The chive maggot Bradysia cellarum and the fungus gnat B. impatiens are two primary root pests of plants, which can coexist on the same host plants and are the devastating pests on liliaceous crops and edible fungi. Their growth and development are affected by the nutrient contents of their host plants.

Leaf Morphological and Biochemical Responses of Three Potato ( L.) Cultivars to Drought Stress and Aphid ( Sulzer) Infestation.

Drought stress on plants can cause cellular water deficits and influence the physiology of host plants, which alter the performance of insect pests. This study was conducted to determine the effect of drought and aphid ( Sulzer) infestation on three potato ( L) genotypes under greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment involving three potato genotypes, two levels of drought, and two levels of aphid infestation was conducted.

Effects of sex ratio on adult fecundity, longevity and egg hatchability of Bradysia difformis Frey at different temperatures.

The fungus gnat Bradysia difformis Frey not only attacks edible and medicinal fungi, it also causes the damages to leek, green onion, garlic and other vegetable crops. To confirm the effects of temperature and sex ratio on adult fecundity, longevity and egg hatchability of B. difformis, we assayed the adults survival longevity and numbers of oviposition, as well as egg hatching rate under female-male ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1 at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C.