infection alters gastric microbiota structure and biological functions in patients with gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer.

Background: infection is closely associated with gastrointestinal diseases. Our preliminary studies have indicated that infection had a significant impact on the mucosal microbiome structure in patients with gastric ulcer (GU) or duodenal ulcer (DU).

Aim: To investigate the contributions of .

Lens structure segmentation from AS-OCT images via shape-based learning.

Background And Objectives: The lens is one of the important refractive media in the eyeball. Abnormality of the nucleus or cortex in the lens can lead to ocular disorders such as cataracts and presbyopia. To achieve an accurate diagnosis, segmentation of these ocular structures from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is essential.

Iohexol Clearance for Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

The purpose of this study was to validate a method for determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in healthy cynomolgus monkeys by using iohexol. Eighteen healthy cynomolgus macaque monkeys (age, 4 to 6 y [mean, 5 y]; weight, 2 to 6 kg [mean, 4 kg]) were randomly entered into 3 different doses groups (3 male and 3 female macaques per group) of 30, 60, 90 mg I/kg to receive an intravenous bolus injection of iohexol. Serum iohexol concentrations were determined by using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and clearance rate were determined by using WinNonlin software.

Quantification of β-cell insulin secretory function using a graded glucose infusion with C-peptide deconvolution in dysmetabolic, and diabetic cynomolgus monkeys.

Background: Quantitation of β-cell function is critical in better understanding of the dynamic interactions of insulin secretion, clearance and action at different phases in the progression of diabetes. The present study aimed to quantify β-cell secretory function independently of insulin sensitivity in the context of differential metabolic clearance rates of insulin (MCRI) in nonhuman primates (NHPs).

Methods: Insulin secretion rate (ISR) was derived from deconvolution of serial C-peptide concentrations measured during a 5 stage graded glucose infusion (GGI) in 12 nondiabetic (N), 8 prediabetic or dysmetabolic (DYS) and 4 overtly diabetic (DM) cynomolgus monkeys.

Mechanism of the plant cytochrome P450 for herbicide resistance: a modelling study.

Plant cytochrome P450 is a key enzyme responsible for the herbicide resistance but the molecular basis of the mechanism is unclear. To understand this, four typical plant P450s and a widely resistant herbicide chlortoluron were analysed by carrying out homology modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy analysis. Our results demonstrate that: (i) the putative hydrophobic residues located in the F-helix and polar residues in I-helix are critical in the herbicide resistance; (ii) the binding mode analysis and binding free energy calculation indicate that the distance between catalytic site of chlortoluron and heme of P450, as well as the binding affinity are key elements affecting the resistance for plants.

A systematic prediction of multiple drug-target interactions from chemical, genomic, and pharmacological data.

In silico prediction of drug-target interactions from heterogeneous biological data can advance our system-level search for drug molecules and therapeutic targets, which efforts have not yet reached full fruition. In this work, we report a systematic approach that efficiently integrates the chemical, genomic, and pharmacological information for drug targeting and discovery on a large scale, based on two powerful methods of Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The performance of the derived models was evaluated and verified with internally five-fold cross-validation and four external independent validations.