PVA-based bulk microneedles capable of high insulin loading and pH-triggered degradation for multi-responsive and sustained hypoglycemic therapy.

"Closed-loop" insulin-loaded microneedle patche shows great promise for improving therapeutic outcomes and life quality for diabetes patients. However, it is typically hampered by limited insulin loading capacity, random degradation, and intricate preparation procedures for the independence of the "closed-loop" bulk microneedles. In this study, we combined the solubility of microneedles and "closed-loop" systems and designed poly(vinyl alcohol)-based bulk microneedles (MNs@GI) through photopolymerization for multi-responsive and sustained hypoglycemic therapy, which significantly simplified the preparation process and improved insulin loading.

The novel peptide athycaltide-1 attenuates Ang II-induced pathological myocardial hypertrophy by reducing ROS and inhibiting the activation of CaMKII and ERK1/2.

Pathological myocardial hypertrophy initially develops as an adaptive response to cardiac stress, which can be induced by many diseases. It is accompanied by adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and death. The purpose of this research was to explore the molecular mechanism of a novel peptide Athycaltide-1 (ATH-1) in the treatment of Ang II-induced pathological myocardial hypertrophy.

Size-Dependent Reactivity of Co ( = 5-25) Cluster Anions toward Carbon Dioxide.

A fundamental understanding of the reactivity evolution of nanosized clusters at an atomically precise level is pivotal to assemble desired materials with promising candidates. Benefiting from the tandem mass spectrometer coupled with a high-temperature ion-trap reactor, the reactions of mass-selected Co ( = 5-25) clusters with CO were investigated and the increased reactivity of Co was newly discovered herein. This finding marks an important step to understand property evolution of subnanometer metal clusters (Co, ∼0.

Two-in-One Polymeric NO-Donor Prodrugs Mediate Precision and Synergistic Prostate Cancer Treatment.

Chemotherapy predominates in clinical treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), while irreversible resistance to chemotherapeutics and severe side effects hinder the therapeutic efficacy, especially in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Herein, a bombesin (BBN)-decorated two-in-one prodrug (T-NO/E-PMs) incorporating a polymeric nitric oxide (NO) donor and acetal-linked 17β-estradiol (E) in one backbone is developed, aiming to inhibit androgen receptor (AR) expression, reprogram the tumor microenvironment of CRPC, and enhance estradiol-mediated hypoxic CRPC therapy. Following efficient internalization mediated by BBN, T-NO/E-PMs releases estradiol and NO in response to the unique intracellular environments.

Fluoride induced metabolic disorder of endothelial cells.

Endemic fluorosis is a global public health problem. Cardiovascular diseases caused by fluoride are closely related to endothelial cell injury. Metabolism disorder of endothelial cells (ECs) are recognized as the key factor of endothelial dysfunction which has been a hot topic in recent years.

Filtration of the preferred catalyst for reverse water-gas shift among Rh ( = 3-11) clusters by mass spectrometry under variable temperatures.

The key to optimizing energy-consuming catalytic conversions lies in acquiring a fundamental understanding of the nature of the active sites and the mechanisms of elementary steps at an atomically precise level, while it is challenging to capture the crucial step that determines the overall temperature of a real-life catalytic reaction. Herein, benefiting from a newly-developed high-temperature ion trap reactor, the reverse water-gas shift (CO + H → CO + HO) reaction catalyzed by the Rh ( = 3-11) clusters was investigated under variable temperatures (298-783 K) and the critical temperature that each elementary step (Rh + CO and RhO + H) requires to take place was identified. The Rh cluster strikingly surpasses other Rh clusters to drive the catalysis at a mild starting temperature (∼440 K).

Clinical safety and possible efficacy of tirofiban in combination with intravenous thrombolysis by recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for early treatment of capsular warning syndrome (CWS).

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the combination of tirofiban with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in treating patients with capsular warning syndrome (CWS) who failed to respond to the treatment of intravenous thrombolysis alone. Tirofiban was approved for the treatment of CWS patients with fluctuating symptoms or no substantial improvement after intravenous thrombolysis within 24 h in our hospital from October 2019 to June 2021. Patients were evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission, at 72 h post-thrombolysis, at 1-week, and at 3-months with the modified Rankin Scales (MRS) score.

Facile CO bond cleavage on polynuclear vanadium nitride clusters VN.

Identifying the structural configurations of precursors for CO dissociation is fundamentally interesting and industrially important in the fields of, , Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Herein, we demonstrated that CO could be dissociated on polynuclear vanadium nitride VN clusters at room temperature, and a key intermediate, with CO in a N-assisted tilted bridge coordination where the C-O bond ruptures easily, was discovered. The reaction was characterized by mass spectrometry, photoelectron spectroscopy, and quantum-chemistry calculations, and the nature of the adsorbed CO on product VNCO was further characterized by a collision-induced dissociation experiment.

Clinical Characteristics of 254 COVID-19 Inpatients in Yichang, Hubei, China, and Efficacy of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment.

Introduction: There is no effective treatment plan for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We employed a combination of Chinese and Western medicine treatment for some COVID-19 inpatients.

Methods: This study was a prospective cohort study that observed non-critical COVID-19 inpatients.

Water-Gas Shift Catalyzed by Iridium-Vanadium Oxide Clusters IrVO with Iridium in a Rare Oxidation State of -II.

The discovery of compounds containing transition metals with an unusual and well-established oxidation state is vital to enrich our horizon on formal oxidation state. Herein, benefiting from the study of the water-gas shift reaction (CO + HO → CO + H) mediated with the iridium-vanadium oxide cluster IrVO, the missing -II oxidation state of iridium was identified. The reactions were performed by using our newly developed double ion trap reactors that can spatially separate the addition of reactants and are characterized by mass spectrometry and quantum-chemical calculations.

Multiple CO reduction mediated by heteronuclear metal carbide cluster anions RhTaC.

Noble metals dispersed on transition-metal carbides exhibit extraordinary activity in CO catalytic conversion and bimetallic carbides generated at the interface were proposed to contribute to the observed activity. Heteronuclear metal carbide clusters (HMCCs) that compositionally resemble the bimetallic carbides are suitable models to get a fundamental understanding of the reactivity of the related condensed-phase catalysts, while the reaction of HMCCs with CO has not been touched in the gas phase. Herein, benefiting from the newly designed double ion trap reactors, the reaction of laser-ablation generated and mass-selected RhTaC clusters with CO was studied.

Reverse water-gas shift reaction catalyzed by diatomic rhodium anions.

The reverse water-gas shift (RWGS, CO + H → CO + HO, Δ = +0.44 eV) reaction mediated by the diatomic anion Rh was successfully constructed. The generation of a gas-phase HO molecule and ion product [Rh(CO)] was identified unambiguously at room temperature and the only elementary step that requires extra energy to complete the catalysis is the desorption of CO from [Rh(CO)].

An IrVO Cluster Catalytically Oxidizes Four CO Molecules: Importance of Ir-V Multiple Bonding.

The generation and characterization of multiple metal-metal (M-M) bonds between early and late transition metals is vital to correlate the nature of multiple M-M bonds with the related reactivity in catalysis, while the examples with multiple M-M bonds have been rarely reported. Herein, we identified that the quadruple bonding interactions were formed in a gas-phase ion IrV with a dramatically short Ir-V bond. Oxidation of four CO molecules by IrVO is a highly exothermic process driven by the generation of stable products IrV and CO, and then IrV can be oxidized by NO to regenerate IrVO.

Activation of Carbon Dioxide by CoCD ( = 0-4) Anions.

Laser ablation generated CoCD ( = 0-4) anions were mass selected and then reacted with CO in an ion trap reactor. The reactions were characterized by mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations. The experimental results demonstrated that the CoC anion can convert CO into CO.

Reactivity of Iron Hydride Anions FeH ( = 0-3) with Carbon Dioxide.

The hydrogenation of CO into value-added complexes is of great importance for both environmental and economic issues. Metal hydrides are good models for the active sites to explore the nature of CO hydrogenation; however, the fundamental insights into C-H bond formation are still far from clear because of the complexity of real-life catalysts. Herein, gas-phase reactions of the FeH ( = 0-3) anions with CO were investigated using mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations.

[Exploration of acupoints selection rule of coronary heart disease treated with acupuncture and moxibustion in recent 10 years].

With the key words such as acupuncture and moxibustion, coronary heart disease, etc., CNKI, WANFANG and VIP databases were retrieved to get Chinese literature of coronary heart disease treated with acupuncture and moxibustion in recent 10 years. Related 76 articles were collected and 72 acupoints were applied.

[Reinforcing and reducing manipulation in the needle sticking].

In order to have a better basic research of needle sticking, reports regarding basic research of needle sticking in recent years are arranged and summarized, including the concepts of needle sticking, the history origin, manipulation methods, precautions and selection requirements of needles. In the meanwhile, the reinforcing and reducing manipulation in sticking of the needle is preliminarily analyzed, and based on analysis of ancient records, three hypotheses are proposed: (1) needle sticking partly belongs to reinforcing method; (2) needle sticking partly belongs to reducing method; (3) needle sticking can perform reinforcing and reducing effects according to different manipulations. It is also believed that the needle sticking in modern clinical research is mostly used for reducing effects.

Effect of neutrase, alcalase, and papain hydrolysis of whey protein concentrates on iron uptake by Caco-2 cells.

Effects of enzymatic hydrolysates of whey protein concentrates (WPC) on iron absorption were studied using in vitro digestion combined with Caco-2 cell models for improved iron absorption. Neutrase- and papain-treated WPC could improve iron absorption; especially hydrolysates by Neutrase could significantly increase iron absorption to 12.8% compared to 3.

[Optimum selection of acupuncture treatment programs of cerebral infarction and its effects on insulin resistance].

Objective: To study the optimum acupuncture treatment program and the mechanism for treatment of cerebral infarction.

Methods: Sixty-three cases were randomly divided into 9 groups. The four factors, times of manipulation, the retaining time of the needle, acupuncture instrument and acupoints,and their corresponding three levels were adopted respectively in treatment of each group.