Development and Application of a Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Case Management System - Yunnan Province, China, 2017-2020.

Introduction: Treatment and case management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant challenge in tuberculosis (TB) control and prevention. This pilot study aims to apply and test a new electronic information system in order to help bolster case management of MDR-TB.

Methods: The MDR-TB Case Management System (CMS) was developed and piloted in the Yunnan Tuberculosis Clinical Center (TCC) in 2017.

The Impact of COVID-19 Epidemic on Tuberculosis Reports Among Students - Guizhou Province, China, 2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: In 2020, the implementation of non-medical interventions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has created a negative impact on tuberculosis (TB) control. It is unclear if the prevalence of TB among students in Guizhou Province was also affected.

What Is Added By This Report?: Among TB cases, the proportion of student TB patients was 19.

Practical Experiences of Delivering Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Comprehensive Supportive Care Services in China.

The World Health Organization consolidated guidelines on recommend care for tuberculosis (TB) and support for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients. But guidelines have not provided detailed guidance or tools for health services providers to implement comprehensive patient care. China CDC and the United States Agency for International Development-funded Control and Prevention of MDR-TB program introduced a differentiated and personalized comprehensive and supportive care services (CSC) to improve treatment adherence.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis in Students - China, 2015-2019.

The number of students with tuberculosis (TB) has been increasing since 2015. However, the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) among student population is unclear. The number of students with RR-TB has significantly increased from 2015 to 2019, especially in the western region of China.

Impact of the gate-keeping policies of China's primary healthcare model on the future burden of tuberculosis in China: a protocol for a mathematical modelling study.

Introduction: In the past three decades, China has made great strides in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis (TB). However, the TB burden remains high. In 2019, China accounted for 8.

Characteristics of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis detection in China, 2015-2019.

Background: The very high burden of rifampicin resistance tuberculosis (RR-TB) and the very low detection of RR-TB cases are a major challenge that China has been facing. This study analyzed the characteristics of RR-TB detection in China after the change of RR-TB detection strategy since 2015, aiming to provide reference and evidence for the development of more precise national drug resistance tuberculosis prevention and control policy.

Methods: We extracted data related to rifampicin resistance screening from the national Tuberculosis Information Management System (TBIMS) from 2015 to 2019, and used descriptive research methods to analyze the screening rate of presumptive RR-TB, the number and duration of RR-TB patients detected and drug resistance testing methods in each year.

The epidemiologic impact and cost-effectiveness of new tuberculosis vaccines on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in India and China.

Background: Despite recent advances through the development pipeline, how novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines might affect rifampicin-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) is unknown. We investigated the epidemiologic impact, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact of hypothetical novel prophylactic prevention of disease TB vaccines on RR/MDR-TB in China and India.

Methods: We constructed a deterministic, compartmental, age-, drug-resistance- and treatment history-stratified dynamic transmission model of tuberculosis.

Attrition and delays before treatment initiation among patients with MDR-TB in China (2006-13): Magnitude and risk factors.

Background: China's national tuberculosis programme does not have cohort wise information regarding attrition and delays in the multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) diagnosis and treatment pathway.

Objective: Under the Global Fund programmatic management of drug-resistant TB (2006-13), we assessed the attrition and delay in the pathway and the factors associated.

Methods: Cohort study involving secondary programme data.

Is knowledge retained by healthcare providers after training? A pragmatic evaluation of drug-resistant tuberculosis management in China.

Objectives: Considering the urgent need of training to improve standardised management of drug-resistant infectious disease and the lack of evidence on the impact of training, this study evaluates whether training participants' knowledge on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is improved immediately and a year after training.

Setting And Participants: The study involved 91 MDR-TB healthcare providers (HCPs), including clinical doctors, nurses and CDC staff, who attended a new MDR-TB HCP training programme in Liaoning and Jiangxi provinces, China.

Main Outcome Measures: A phone-based assessment of participants' long-term retention of knowledge about MDR-TB management was conducted in July 2017, approximately 1 year after training.

Clinical outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients receiving standardized second-line treatment regimen in China.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical outcome and the risk factors associated with poor outcome of MDR-TB patients receiving standardized second-line treatment regimen in China.

Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2010, a total of 12,100 clinical diagnosed TB cases at high risk of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) were enrolled in this study. Routine follow-up tests were conducted every month during the 6-month intensive phase, and every two months during the 18-month continuation phase.

The Global Fund in China: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis nationwide programmatic scale-up and challenges to transition to full country ownership.

China has the world's second largest burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB; resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin), with an estimated 57,000 cases (range, 48,000-67,000) among notified pulmonary TB patients in 2015. During October 1, 2006-June 30, 2014, China expanded MDR-TB care through a partnership with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (Global Fund). We analyzed data on site expansion, patient enrolment, treatment outcomes, cost per patient, and overall programme expenditure.

Comparing yield and relative costs of WHO TB screening algorithms in selected risk groups among people aged 65 years and over in China, 2013.

Objective: To calculate the yield and cost per diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) case for three World Health Organization screening algorithms and one using the Chinese National TB program (NTP) TB suspect definitions, using data from a TB prevalence survey of people aged 65 years and over in China, 2013.

Methods: This was an analytic study using data from the above survey. Risk groups were defined and the prevalence of new TB cases in each group calculated.

Tuberculosis control in China: use of modelling to develop targets and policies.

It is unclear if current programmes in China can achieve the post-2015 global targets for tuberculosis - 50% reduction in incidence and a 75% reduction in mortality by 2025. Chinese policy-makers need to maintain the recent decline in the prevalence of tuberculosis, while revising control policies to cope with an epidemic of drug-resistant tuberculosis and the effects of ongoing health reform. Health reforms are expected to shift patients from tuberculosis dispensaries to designated hospitals.

Cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive programme for drug-resistant tuberculosis in China.

Objective: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive programme for drug-resistant tuberculosis launched in four sites in China in 2011.

Methods: In 2011-2012, we reviewed the records of 172 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who enrolled in the comprehensive programme and we collected relevant administrative data from hospitals and China's public health agency. For comparison, we examined a cohort of 81 patients who were treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis in 2006-2009.

Effect of a comprehensive programme to provide universal access to care for sputum-smear-positive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in China: a before-and-after study.

Background: China has a quarter of all patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) worldwide, but less than 5% are in quality treatment programmes. In a before-and-after study we aimed to assess the effect of a comprehensive programme to provide universal access to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for MDRTB in four Chinese cities (population 18 million).

Methods: We designated city-level hospitals in each city to diagnose and treat MDRTB.

[A study on the cooperation between centers for disease control and special tuberculosis hospitals for treatment and management of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis].

Objective: To improve the effectiveness of case detection and treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) by implementing a mechanism of cooperation between hospitals and centers for disease control (CDC).

Methods: Since 1 March 2010, a new mechanism of cooperation between hospitals and CDCs had been established in 5 cities including Daqing, Quzhou, Puyang, Tianjin and Wanzhou in China. Data of MDR-TB case-detection, treatment and economic burdens before the intervention (January 1, 2006-June 30, 2009) and after the intervention (March 1, 2010-February 29, 2012) were collected.

Tuberculosis prevalence in China, 1990-2010; a longitudinal analysis of national survey data.

Background: China scaled up a tuberculosis control programme (based on the directly observed treatment, short-course [DOTS] strategy) to cover half the population during the 1990s, and to the entire population after 2000. We assessed the effect of the programme.

Methods: In this longitudinal analysis, we compared data from three national tuberculosis prevalence surveys done in 1990, 2000, and 2010.

[Analysis of the cost of public health service items in four centers for disease control and prevention in county level in China].

Objective: To analyze the unreasonable part of full cost of the public health service items in county level.

Methods: On basis of typical survey in 2005, 18 questionnaires were released and the response rate was 100%. The whole cost and ladder apportionment of expense methods were employed to account the full cost of items including practice items, items required by government and nationwide items required by government provided by 4 centers for disease control and prevention in county level.