Supaglutide alleviates hepatic steatosis in monkeys with spontaneous MASH.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone and plays an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis. GLP-1 has a short half-life due to degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and rapid kidney clearance, which limits its clinical application as a therapeutic agent. We demonstrated previously that supaglutide, a novel long-acting GLP-1 analog, exerted hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and weight loss effects in type 2 diabetic db/db mice, DIO mice, and diabetic monkeys.

Serum Spexin Level Is Negatively Associated With Peripheral Neuropathy and Sensory Pain in Type 2 Diabetes.

Spexin is a novel peptide hormone and has shown antinociceptive effects in experimental mice. This study is aimed at evaluating the association of serum spexin level with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and related pain in a Chinese population. We enrolled 167 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) including 56 patients without DPN (non-DPN), 67 painless DPN, and 44 painful DPN.

Causal effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on osteoporosis: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by compromised bone strength leading to an increased risk of fracture. There is an ongoing debate on whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an active contributor or an innocent bystander in the pathogenesis of OP. The aim of this study was to assess the causal association between NAFLD and OP.

Metabolomics analysis of islet regeneration in partial pancreatectomy mice reveals increased levels of long-chain fatty acids and activated cAMP signaling pathway.

Islet regeneration is a complex process involving multiple metabolic adaptions, but the specific characterization of the islet metabolome in relation to cell proliferation has not been established. This study aimed to investigate the metabolomic changes of regenerative islets from partial pancreatectomy (Ppx) mice and speculate underlying mechanisms. Islet samples were collected from C57/BL6 mice undergoing 70-80% Ppx or sham surgery, followed by analyses of glucose homeostasis, islet morphology, and untargeted metabolomics profiles using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Circulating spexin levels are influenced by the glycemic status and correlated with pancreatic β-cell function in Chinese subjects.

Aims: Spexin plays a role in regulating glucose metabolism. This study investigated the spexin levels in different glycemic status and its association with insulin secretion in humans.

Methods: A total of 462 subjects were recruited in this study, including 52 healthy subjects, 106 first-degree relatives (FDRs) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 115 impaired glucose regulation (IGR), 80 newly diagnosed T2DM, and 106 established T2DM.

Combined therapy of GABA and sitagliptin prevents high-fat diet impairment of beta-cell function.

We recently demonstrated that combined therapy of GABA and sitagliptin promoted beta-cell proliferation, and decreased beta-cell apoptosis in a multiple low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced beta-cell injury mouse model. In this study, we examined whether this combined therapy is effective in ameliorating the impairment of beta-cell function caused by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed normal chow diet, HFD, or HFD combined with GABA, sitagliptin, or both drugs.

Type IIB PKA is highly expressed in β cells and controls cell proliferation via regulating Cyclin D1 expression.

β cell number is maintained mainly by cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. Protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is an important intracellular signalling-mediating β cell proliferation. However, the precise roles of PKA isoforms are not well-defined.

[A hemifacial transplantation model in hares].

Objective: To design an animal model to study the facial transplantation of allografts in rabbits.

Methods: Livid blue rabbits and New Zealand white rabbits was applied as experiment animal, to harvest hemifacial composite-tissue flap based in the common external carotid artery with the branch of the external mandibular artery and auricularis magna artery, then allotransplantation was performed with the livid blue rabbits as recipient while new Zealand rabbits as donor, the immunosuppressive agent comprised ciclosporin, azamun and prednisone. 25 couples of rabbits were divided three groups.