A phosphorylation-regulated NPF transporter determines salt tolerance by mediating chloride uptake in soybean plants.

Chloride (Cl) ions cause major damage to crops in saline soils. Understanding the key factors that influence Cl uptake and translocation will aid the breeding of more salt-tolerant crops. Here, using genome-wide association study and transcriptomic analysis, we identified a NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1 (NRT1)/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family (NPF) protein, GmNPF7.

Correlation between dental age and chronological age of Taiwanese children on panoramic X-ray images by different evaluation methods.

Background: Accurate age estimation is vital in forensic medicine and clinical dentistry. The Demirjian method is commonly used for this purpose, but its applicability to Asian individuals is understudied. The present study evaluated the accuracy of dental age (DA) estimation for Taiwanese children by using the Demirjian, Williems, and modified Demirjian methods, comparing these estimates to those of chronological age (CA) based on panoramic X-ray images.

Influence of sex and timing of mixed dentition on discrepancies between chronological age and dental age in Taiwanese children.

Background/purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of age and sex on the difference between chronological age (CA) and dental age (DA) predicted using the Demirjian and Willems methods in Taiwanese children.

Materials And Methods: A total of 232 periapical X-ray images were obtained from children aged 5-12 years in Taiwan. Among them, 119 were boys, and 113 were girls.

[A theoretical study on a method for estimating dynamic intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure in invasive mechanical ventilation].

Objective: To explore a simple method for measuring the dynamic intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) during invasive mechanical ventilation.

Methods: A 60-year-old male patient was admitted to the critical care medicine department of Dongying People's Hospital in September 2020. He underwent invasive mechanical ventilation treatment for respiratory failure due to head and chest trauma, and incomplete expiratory flow occurred during the treatment.

Essential oil from Citrus depressa peel exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant and cancer chemopreventive effects.

Background: Many diseases may be caused by pathogens and oxidative stress resulting from carcinogens. Earlier studies have highlighted the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of plant essential oils (EO). It is crucial to effectively utilize agricultural waste to achieve a sustainable agricultural economy and protect the environment.

[Respiratory mechanics analysis of inspiratory trigger in mechanical ventilation].

Objective: To find out the circuit pressure and flow at the trigger point by observing the characteristics of the inspiratory trigger waveform of the ventilator, confirm the intra-alveolar pressure as the index to reflect the effort of the trigger according to the working principle of the ventilator combined with the laws of respiratory mechanics, establish the related mathematical formula, and analyze its influencing factors and logical relationship.

Methods: A test-lung was connected to the circuit in a PB840 ventilator and a SV600 ventilator set in pressure-support mode. The positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was set at 5 cmHO (1 cmHO ≈ 0.

Triggering Lattice Oxygen Activation of Single-Atomic Mo Sites Anchored on Ni-Fe Oxyhydroxides Nanoarrays for Electrochemical Water Oxidation.

Tuning the reactivity of lattice oxygen is of significance for lowering the energy barriers and accelerating the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, single-atomic Mo sites are anchored on Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide nanoarrays by a facile metal-organic-framework-derived strategy, exhibiting superior performance toward the OER in alkaline media. In situ electrochemical spectroscopy and isotope-labeling experiments reveal the involvement of lattice oxygen during OER cycles.

[A theoretical analysis of respiratory mechanics in mechanical ventilation].

As a non-physiological way of ventilation, mechanical ventilation has a great effect on the respiratory mechanics. The biggest problem of artificial airway is that it brings extra airway resistance to the respiratory tract. For different parts of the lung, positive pressure ventilation could cause different mechanic states.

Evaluation of Gallic Acid-Coated Gold Nanoparticles as an Anti-Aging Ingredient.

Hyperglycemic environment-induced oxidative stress-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) plays a crucial role in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which might contribute to premature skin aging. Synthesized, environmentally friendly gallic acid-coated gold nanoparticles (GA-AuNPs) have been evaluated as an anti-aging antioxidant. Their microstructure was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which showed that GA-AuNPs are spherical when prepared at pH 11.

Effects of Gender and Age in Mandibular Leeway Space for Taiwanese Children.

Purpose: Leeway space is clinically crucial in pediatric dentistry because it is utilized to resolve tooth crowding and allow the first molars to drift mesially to establish a Class I molar relationship in the later stages of mixed dentition. This study investigated leeway space in the mixed dentition of Taiwanese children of different sexes and ages.

Materials And Methods: The digital panoramic dental films of 182 lower arches of 119 boys and 63 girls aged 5-10 years were analyzed in this retrospective study.

Engineering Single-Atomic Ni-N-O Sites on Semiconductor Photoanodes for High-Performance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

Direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising solution for solar energy conversion; however, there is a pressing bottleneck to address the intrinsic charge transport for the enhancement of PEC performance. Herein, a versatile coupling strategy was developed to engineer atomically dispersed Ni-N sites coordinated with an axial direction oxygen atom (Ni-N-O) incorporated between oxygen evolution cocatalyst (OEC) and semiconductor photoanode, boosting the photogenerated electron-hole separation and thus improving PEC activity. This state-of-the-art OEC/Ni-N-O/BiVO photoanode exhibits a record high photocurrent density of 6.

Two-Dimensional Defective Boron-Doped Niobic Acid Nanosheets for Robust Nitrogen Photofixation.

Direct nitrogen photofixation is a feasible solution toward sustainable production of ammonia under mild conditions. However, the generation of active sites for solar-dirven nitrogen fixation not only limits the fundamental understanding of the relationship among light absorption, charge transfer, and catalytic efficiency but also influences the photocatalytic activity. Herein, we report two-dimensional boron-doped niobic acid nanosheets with oxygen vacancies (B-V-HNbO NSs) for efficient N photofixation in the absence of any scavengers and cocatalysts.

Engineering Lattice Oxygen Activation of Iridium Clusters Stabilized on Amorphous Bimetal Borides Array for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Developing robust oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts requires significant advances in material design and in-depth understanding for water electrolysis. Herein, we report iridium clusters stabilized surface reconstructed oxyhydroxides on amorphous metal borides array, achieving an ultralow overpotential of 178 mV at 10 mA cm for OER in alkaline medium. The coupling of iridium clusters induced the formation of high valence cobalt species and Ir-O-Co bridge between iridium and oxyhydroxides at the atomic scale, engineering lattice oxygen activation and non-concerted proton-electron transfer to trigger multiple active sites for intrinsic pH-dependent OER activity.

Engineering single-atomic ruthenium catalytic sites on defective nickel-iron layered double hydroxide for overall water splitting.

Rational design of single atom catalyst is critical for efficient sustainable energy conversion. However, the atomic-level control of active sites is essential for electrocatalytic materials in alkaline electrolyte. Moreover, well-defined surface structures lead to in-depth understanding of catalytic mechanisms.

Wheat TaPUB1 protein mediates ABA response and seed development through ubiquitination.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important regulator of plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Ubiquitination plays important roles in regulating ABA signaling. E3 ligase, a key member in ubiquitination, actively participates in the regulation of biosynthesis, de-repression, and activation of ABA response and degradation of signaling components.

Wheat TaPUB1 Regulates Cd Uptake and Tolerance by Promoting the Degradation of TaIRT1 and TaIAA17.

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in agricultural soils is an increasingly serious problem, as plants absorb Cd, which inhibits their growth and development. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd detoxification and accumulation in wheat ( L.) are unclear.

Engineering active sites on hierarchical transition bimetal oxides/sulfides heterostructure array enabling robust overall water splitting.

Rational design of the catalysts is impressive for sustainable energy conversion. However, there is a grand challenge to engineer active sites at the interface. Herein, hierarchical transition bimetal oxides/sulfides heterostructure arrays interacting two-dimensional MoO/MoS nanosheets attached to one-dimensional NiO/NiS nanorods were fabricated by oxidation/hydrogenation-induced surface reconfiguration strategy.

The wheat E3 ligase TaPUB26 is a negative regulator in response to salt stress in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon.

Various abiotic stresses, including high salinity, affect the growth and yield of crop plants. We isolated a gene, TaPUB26, from wheat that encodes a protein containing a U-box domain and armadillo (ARM) repeats. The TaPUB26 transcript levels were upregulated by high salinity, temperature, drought and phytohormones, suggesting the involvement of TaPUB26 in abiotic stress responses.

Overexpression of wheat α-mannosidase gene TaMP impairs salt tolerance in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon.

The TaMP gene from wheat encodes an α-mannosidase induced by salt stress that functions as negative regulator of salt tolerance in plants. Salt stress significantly affects growth and yield of crop plants. The α-mannosidases function in protein folding, trafficking, and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in eukaryotic cells, and they are involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants.

[Analysis of pressure-time and flow-time curve in ventilator].

Objective: To better understand the significance of the pressure-time curve and flow-time curve from the perspective of PB840 ventilator working principle.

Methods: (1) Mechanical principle: flow supply valves (air valve and oxygen valve) and exhalation valve in PB840 ventilator were controlled to achieve the ventilation target (volume or pressure) by the central processing unit according to the monitoring data from pressure sensors (P at the supply side, P at the exhalation side) and flow sensors (Q at the air side, Q at the oxygen side, Q at the exhalation side). (2) The essence of curve: each point means a value of pressure or flow at a certain time measured by the sensors or calculated by the system.

Wheat F-box Protein TaFBA1 Positively Regulates Plant Drought Tolerance but Negatively Regulates Stomatal Closure.

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant growth and development, as well as responses to various stresses, such as salt and drought. The wheat gene, which encodes an F-box protein, was previously identified in our laboratory by homologous cloning. We previously found that expression was induced by ABA and drought stress.

[A mathematical calculation model of replacement fluid and citric acid infusion in continuous veno-venous hemofiltration].

Objective: To design a mathematical calculation model for better understanding and grasping the logical problem of replacement fluid and citric acid anticoagulant infusion in continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH).

Methods: (1) Parameter definition: A, B, and T were respectively called the main part of pre-replacement fluid, 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, and 4% sodium citrate infused before filter. And a and b were respectively called the main part of post-replacement fluid, and 5% sodium bicarbonate solution infused after filter.

The involvement of wheat U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase TaPUB1 in salt stress tolerance.

U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in the ubiquitin/26S proteasome machinery and in abiotic stress responses. TaPUB1-overexpressing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were generated to evaluate its function in salt tolerance.

[Reason analysis of ineffective triggering caused by a continuous nebulization airflow in mechanical ventilation].

Objective: To analyze the ineffective triggering caused by nebulization in the way of respiratory mechanics.

Methods: A test-lung and an oxygen-driven jet nebulizer were connected to the circuit in a PB840 ventilator. The test-lung was pulled outwards in manual way till an inspiration was effectively triggered separately in different flow-trigger modes [flow-trigger sensitivity (V) 3 L/min and 5 L/min] and pressure-trigger modes [pressure-trigger sensitivity (P) 2 cmHO and 4 cmHO, 1 cmHO = 0.

Active Sites Intercalated Ultrathin Carbon Sheath on Nanowire Arrays as Integrated Core-Shell Architecture: Highly Efficient and Durable Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting.

The development of active bifunctional electrocatalysts with low cost and earth-abundance toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a great challenge for overall water splitting. Herein, metallic Ni Mo nanoalloys are firstly implanted on the surface of NiMoO nanowires array (NiMo/NiMoO ) as metal/metal oxides hybrid. Inspired by the superiority of carbon conductivity, an ultrathin nitrogen-doped carbon sheath intercalated NiMo/NiMoO (NC/NiMo/NiMoO ) nanowires as integrated core-shell architecture are constructed.