Autophagy of hepatic stellate cell induced by Clonorchis sinensis.

Background: Clonorchis sinensis was a food-borne zoonotic parasite in the worldwide and also an important risk factor of hepatic fibrosis. Excretory/secretion products of C. sinensis (CsESPs) are involved in parasite-host interactions and contribute to the development of hepatic damage.

A novel synthetic approach to the bicyclo[5.3.1]undecan-11-one framework of vinigrol.

The first synthetic attempt commencing from an eight-membered ring to approach the [5.3.1] bicyclic core of vinigrol has demonstrated the feasibility of using the conformational bias of the cyclooctane-ring system to realize highly diastereoselective reactions.