Rapid and Environment-Friendly LC-MS/MS for Simultaneous Analysis of Amino Acids in Veterinary Medicine.

Background: Amino acid supplements are crucial for animal health and productivity. Traditional analysis methods face limitations like complexity, long testing times and toxic reagents. Therefore, a more efficient and reliable method is needed.

Evaluating Meta-Learners to Analyze Treatment Heterogeneity in Survival Data: Application to Electronic Health Records of Pediatric Asthma Care in COVID-19 Pandemic.

An important aspect of precision medicine focuses on characterizing diverse responses to treatment due to unique patient characteristics, also known as heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) or individualized treatment effects (ITE), and identifying beneficial subgroups with enhanced treatment effects. Estimating HTE with right-censored data in observational studies remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a pseudo-ITE-based framework for analyzing HTE in survival data, which includes a group of meta-learners for estimating HTE, a variable importance metric for identifying predictive variables to HTE, and a data-adaptive procedure to select subgroups with enhanced treatment effects.

Isolation and Structural Identification of New Diol Esters of Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxin-1 from the Cultured .

, a dinoflagellate responsible for producing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins, poses significant threats to marine ecosystems, aquaculture industries, and human health. DSP toxins, including okadaic acid (OA), dinophysis toxin (DTX), and their diverse derivatives, continue to be identified and characterized. In this study, we report the isolation of four new diol esters of OA/DTX-1 from large-scale cultures of .

The Long-Term Immunity of a Microneedle Array Patch of a SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein Subunit Vaccine Irradiated by Gamma Rays in Mice.

Background/objectives: COVID-19 vaccines effectively prevent severe disease, but unequal distribution, especially in low- and middle-income countries, has led to vaccine-resistant strains. This highlights the urgent need for alternative vaccine platforms that are safe, thermostable, and easy to distribute. This study evaluates the immunogenicity, stability, and scalability of a dissolved microneedle array patch (MAP) delivering the rS1RS09 subunit vaccine, comprising the SARS-CoV-2 S1 monomer and RS09, a TLR-4 agonist peptide.

Virus-Mimicking Polymer Nanocomplexes Co-Assembling HCV E1E2 and Core Proteins with TLR 7/8 Agonist-Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Activity.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health concern, and the development of an effective HCV vaccine plays an important role in the effort to prevent new infections. Supramolecular co-assembly and co-presentation of the HCV envelope E1E2 heterodimer complex and core protein presents an attractive vaccine design strategy for achieving effective humoral and cellular immunity. With this objective, the two antigens were non-covalently assembled with an immunostimulant (TLR 7/8 agonist) into virus-mimicking polymer nanocomplexes (VMPNs) using a biodegradable synthetic polyphosphazene delivery vehicle.

Establishment of a Rapid and Convenient Fluoroimmunoassay Platform Using Antibodies Against PDL1 and HER2.

The development of accurate and high-throughput tools for cancer biomarker detection is crucial for the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of diseases. In this study, we developed a simple and rapid fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) using fluorescent dye-conjugated antibody fragments against programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). We optimized key steps in the FLISA process, including antigen immobilization, blocking, and antibody reaction, reading the assay time to 3 h-significantly faster compared to the 23 h duration of usual FLISA.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cannabigerol In Vitro and In Vivo Are Mediated Through the JAK/STAT/NFκB Signaling Pathway.

Cannabinoid compounds have potential as treatments for a variety of conditions, with cannabigerol (CBG) being known for its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of CBG in a cellular model of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD). In the cellular model, we confirmed the cytotoxicity of CBG and downregulated the expression of inflammatory markers , , , and ( < 0.

Building an open-source community to enhance autonomic nervous system signal analysis: DBDP-autonomic.

Smartphones and wearable sensors offer an unprecedented ability to collect peripheral psychophysiological signals across diverse timescales, settings, populations, and modalities. However, open-source software development has yet to keep pace with rapid advancements in hardware technology and availability, creating an analytical barrier that limits the scientific usefulness of acquired data. We propose a community-driven, open-source peripheral psychophysiological signal pre-processing and analysis software framework that could advance biobehavioral health by enabling more robust, transparent, and reproducible inferences involving autonomic nervous system data.

Emergency department visits for patients with end-stage kidney disease in Korea: registry data from the National Emergency Department Information System 2019-2021.

Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) frequently visit the emergency department (ED) due to complications from comorbidities and dialysis. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes and patterns of ED visits, hospitalizations, and in-hospital mortality among ED visits by ESKD patients in South Korea.

Methods: This study utilized data from the National Emergency Department Information System from 2019 to 2021.

Specificity of Amino Acid Profiles Produced in Soybean Fermentations by Three spp.

We compared the salt tolerance and proteolytic activity of 120 strains of each of , , and . Most strains exhibited growth in 12% (w/v) NaCl and showed proteolytic activity in 10% or 11% NaCl. The majority of strains grew in 14% NaCl and showed proteolytic activity in 12% or 13% NaCl.

Identification and characterization of CD83 and CD276 as markers of dendritic cells in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in activating naïve T-cells and bridging innate and adaptive immunity. This study aimed to identify and characterize CD83 and CD276 as potential markers for DCs in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Specific antibodies against these markers were developed and used to analyze their distribution in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and intestinal tissues.

Comparison of Two Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons with Different Excipients for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal Artery Disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel drug-coated balloon (DCB), Genoss DCB (Genoss) using shellac plus vitamin E as an excipient, compared to a reference DCB using urea.

Materials And Methods: Patients with femoropopliteal arterial disease under Rutherford classes 2-5 were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter, non-inferiority clinical trial, and randomly assigned 1:1 to Genoss DCB and IN.PACT Admiral (Medtronic).

Structural and functional alterations in hypothalamic subregions in male patients with alcohol use disorder.

Background: The hypothalamus is involved in stress regulation and reward processing, with its various nuclei exhibiting unique functions and connections. However, human neuroimaging studies on the hypothalamic subregions are limited in drug addiction. This study examined the volumes and functional connectivity of hypothalamic subregions in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Incidence and characteristics of sudden sensorineural hearing loss during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A nationwide population-based study using customized cohort data.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in pregnant and non-pregnant women using the Korean National Health Insurance Service customized cohort data.

Materials And Methods: We defined the delivery group as women aged 15-49 years with International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes O80-O84 indicating delivery between January 2013 and December 2019. The control group was selected from individuals in the same age range without a history of delivery during the same period.

Programmable Porous Silicon Microparticles for Temporally Staged Drug Delivery in Combination Cancer Immunotherapy.

Combination therapies using checkpoint inhibitors with immunostimulatory agonists have attracted great attention due to their synergistic therapeutic effects for cancer treatment. However, such combination immunotherapies require specific timing of doses to show sufficient antitumor efficacy. Sequential treatment usually requires multiple administrations of the individual drugs at specific time points, thus increasing the complexity of the drug regimen and compromising patient compliance.

The Effect of Strength Training Targeting Medial Thigh Muscles on Neuromuscular and Biomechanical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Knee valgus loading is thought to be an important contributor to noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, but the effects of training programs focusing on decreasing knee valgus loading on lower extremity biomechanics with respect to ACL injury risk remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of strength training designed to strengthen the medial thigh muscles on lower extremity joint kinematics, kinetics and muscle activity during single-leg landing.

Methods: A total of 35 healthy participants randomly conducted either exercises targeting medial thigh muscles (intervention group) or exercises that did not target specific lower extremity muscles (control group).

Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclobutanes via Rh-Catalyzed Unprecedented C-C Bond Cleavage of Alkylidenecyclopropanes.

The stereoselective synthesis of highly substituted cyclobutanes is essential for the development of lead candidates in drug discovery. Herein, we present a novel Rh(III)-catalyzed reaction pathway for synthesizing substituted cyclobutanes, which involves a concerted N-C bond formation and C-C bond cleavage between 2-aryl quinazolinones and alkylidenecyclopropanes. Notably, the combination of Rh(III) catalyst and HFIP solvent plays a critical role in facilitating the formation of cyclobutane rings.

Deciphering the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on erythropoiesis at single-cell resolution.

Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems, yet their impact on zebrafish ( ) embryonic development, particularly erythropoiesis, remains underexplored. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryos. validation experiments corroborated the transcriptomic findings, revealing that polystyrene nanoparticle exposure disrupted erythrocyte differentiation, as evidenced by the decrease in mature erythrocytes and concomitant increase in immature erythrocytes.

Signal Transduction of Constitutive Activating and Inactivating Eel Lutropin/Choriogonadotropin Receptor (Eel LH/CGR) Mutants by Recombinant Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (Rec-eCG).

Lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LH/CGR) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. LH/CGRs in fish and mammalian species have been reported to contain naturally occurring, constitutively activating, and inactivating mutations in highly conserved regions. The present study was designed to determine the functional aspect of eel LH/CGR signal transduction.

Effects of Blue Light on Fruiting Body Production and Ergothioneine Content During Sawdust Cultivation of Shiitake ().

The cultivation period of shiitake () is approximately 120-150 d, which is longer than that of other edible mushrooms. The development of fruiting bodies in shiitake is affected by light exposure. In this study, we investigated the effects of blue light on the production and ergothioneine contents of shiitake mushrooms.

Evaluation of physicochemical property changes in 3D-printed biodegradable medical devices under simulated oral physiological conditions.

Biodegradable medical devices undergo degradation following implantation, potentially leading to clinical failure. Consequently, it is necessary to assess the change in their properties post-implantation. However, a standardized method for the precise evaluation of the changes in their physicochemical properties is currently lacking.

Multimodal treatments and the risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema: insights from a nationally representative cohort in South Korea.

Background: As the roles of chemotherapy (Chemo) and radiation therapy (Radio) in the definitive treatment of breast cancer have expanded, a broader understanding of the factors associated with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) has become increasingly essential. Therefore, we investigated the association between multimodality treatment and the risk of BCRL.

Methods: In this retrospective study conducted using National Health Insurance data and the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (2006-2017), 114,638 participants who underwent Surgery (Surg) or Chemo within 6 months after breast cancer diagnosis were enrolled, and the effect of multimodality treatment on the risk of BCRL was analyzed using the Cox proportional-hazards model.

Blue photoluminescence from active carboxyl adatoms on nanoporous anodic alumina films.

Nanoporous anodic alumina (nPAA) films formed on aluminum in lower aliphatic carboxylic acids exhibit blue self-coloring and characteristic properties such as photoluminescence (PL), electroluminescence, and electron spin resonance. The blue colors are seemingly originated from the adsorbed radicals incorporating into the oxide during the aluminum anodization. However, there is lack of reports revealing the detailed activation mechanism of the adatoms in the complexes.

A systematic review of emergency room laparotomy in patients with severe abdominal trauma.

Traumatic intra-abdominal hemorrhage contributes to mortality in patients with trauma. However, initiating an emergent laparotomy in the operating room (OR) as a standard treatment can sometimes be time-consuming. To overcome this issue, laparotomy is performed in the emergency room (ER) in some institutions.