The role of the gut microbial metabolism of sterols and bile acids in human health.

Sterols and bile acids are vital signaling molecules that play key roles in systemic functions, influencing the composition of the human gut microbiota, which maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host. Additionally, gut microbiota-encoded enzymes catalyze the conversion of sterols and bile acids into various metabolites, significantly enhancing their diversity and biological activities. In this review, we focus on the microbial transformations of sterols and bile acids in the gut, summarize the relevant bacteria, genes, and enzymes, and review the relationship between the sterols and bile acids metabolism of gut microbiota and human health.

Screening potential biomarkers associated with insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice by integrating metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics.

Unlabelled: Insulin resistance is the primary pathophysiological basis for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites are pivotal in insulin resistance. However, identifying the specific microbes and key metabolites with causal roles is a challenging task, and the underlying mechanisms require further exploration.

Characterization of the pig lower respiratory tract antibiotic resistome.

Respiratory diseases and its treatments are highly concerned in both the pig industry and human health. However, the composition and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in swine lower respiratory tract microbiome remain unknown. The relationships of ARGs with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and lung health are unclear.

Extensive identification of serum metabolites related to microbes in different gut locations and evaluating their associations with porcine fatness.

Gut microbiota plays important roles in host metabolism. Whether and how much the gut microbiota in different gut locations contributes to the variations of host serum metabolites are largely unknown, because it is difficult to obtain microbial samples from different gut locations on a large population scale. Here, we quantified the gut microbial compositions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing for 1070 samples collected from the ileum, cecum and faeces of 544 F6 pigs from a mosaic pig population.

Recovering metagenome-assembled genomes from shotgun metagenomic sequencing data: Methods, applications, challenges, and opportunities.

Reference genomes are essential for analyzing the metabolic and functional potentials of microbiomes. However, microbial genome resources are limited because most of microorganisms are difficult to culture. Genome binning is a culture-independent approach that can recover a vast number of microbial genomes from short-read high throughput shotgun metagenomic sequencing data.

Investigation of Warpage for Multi-Die Fan-Out Wafer-Level Packaging Process.

This paper focuses on characterizing the evolution of warpage, effects of epoxy molding compound (EMC), and effects of carrier 2 (the second carrier in the process) of 12 inch RDL-first multi-die fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) during the manufacturing process. The linear viscoelasticity properties of EMC and polyimide (PI) were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in the frequency domain at different temperatures., The elastic and viscoelastic model were used for PI and EMC, the finite element analyses (FEA) of the cured structure were carried out and the results were compared with the test results.

Extensive metagenomic analysis of the porcine gut resistome to identify indicators reflecting antimicrobial resistance.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been regarded as a major threat to global health. Pigs are considered an important source of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, there is still a lack of large-scale quantitative data on the distribution of ARGs in the pig production industry.

Evaluation and Optimization of a Cross-Rib Micro-Channel Heat Sink.

This article presents a novel cross-rib micro-channel (MC-CR) heat sink to make fluid self-rotate. For a thermal test chip (TTC) with 100 w/cm, the cross-ribs micro-channel were compared with the rectangular (MC-R) and horizontal rib micro-channel (MC-HR) heat sinks. The results show that, with the cross-rib micro-channel, the junction temperature of the thermal test chip was 336.

Deep Investigating the Changes of Gut Microbiome and Its Correlation With the Shifts of Host Serum Metabolome Around Parturition in Sows.

Parturition is a crucial event in the sow reproduction cycle, which accompanies by a series of physiological changes, including sex hormones, metabolism, and immunity. More and more studies have indicated the changes of the gut microbiota from pregnancy to parturition. However, what bacterial species and functional capacities of the gut microbiome are changed around parturition has been largely unknown, and the correlations between the changes of gut bacterial species and host metabolome were also uncovered.

Prevotella copri increases fat accumulation in pigs fed with formula diets.

Background: Excessive fat accumulation of pigs is undesirable, as it severely affects economic returns in the modern pig industry. Studies in humans and mice have examined the role of the gut microbiome in host energy metabolism. Commercial Duroc pigs are often fed formula diets with high energy and protein contents.

Expanded catalog of microbial genes and metagenome-assembled genomes from the pig gut microbiome.

Gut microbiota plays an important role in pig health and production. Still, availability of sequenced genomes and functional information for most pig gut microbes remains limited. Here we perform a landscape survey of the swine gut microbiome, spanning extensive sample sources by deep metagenomic sequencing resulting in an expanded gene catalog named pig integrated gene catalog (PIGC), containing 17,237,052 complete genes clustered at 90% protein identity from 787 gut metagenomes, of which 28% are unknown proteins.

Identification of the gut microbiota biomarkers associated with heat cycle and failure to enter oestrus in gilts.

Failed puberty is one of the main reasons for eliminating gilts from production herds. This is often caused by disorders of sex hormones. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the gut microbiota may regulate sex hormones and vice versa.

MicroRNA-6071 Suppresses Glioblastoma Progression Through the Inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway by Binding to ULBP2.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of microRNA-6071 (miR-6071) on glioblastoma (GBM) and its potential mechanisms.

Methods: In this study, the expressions of miR-6071 and UL16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2) were measured by qRT-RCR in GBM tissues and cells. The prognostic values of miR-6071 and ULBP2 were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier methods using the data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Dramatic Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome Around Parturition and Its Relationship With Host Serum Metabolic Changes in Sows.

Perinatal care is important in mammals due to its contribution to fetal growth, maternal health, and lactation. Substantial changes in host hormones, metabolism, and immunity around the parturition period may be accompanied by alterations in the gut microbiome. However, to our knowledge, changes in the gut microbiome and their contribution to the shifts in host metabolism around parturition have not been investigated in pigs.

Host Gender and Androgen Levels Regulate Gut Bacterial Taxa in Pigs Leading to Sex-Biased Serum Metabolite Profiles.

Gut microbiota regulates host metabolism and immunity. The phylogenetic composition of gut microbiota is influenced by diverse factors that include host gender. In this study, the effects of gender on gut microbial composition and its subsequent influence on serum metabolites in pigs were evaluated.

Evaluating the profound effect of gut microbiome on host appetite in pigs.

Background: There are growing evidences showing that gut microbiota should play an important role in host appetite and feeding behavior. However, what kind of microbe(s) and how they affect porcine appetite remain unknown.

Results: In this study, 280 commercial Duroc pigs were raised in a testing station with the circadian feeding behavior records for a continuous period of 30-100 kg.

AFF3-DNA methylation interplay in maintaining the mono-allelic expression pattern of XIST in terminally differentiated cells.

X chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting are two classic epigenetic regulatory processes that cause mono-allelic gene expression. In female mammals, mono-allelic expression of the long non-coding RNA gene X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is essential for initiation of X chromosome inactivation upon differentiation. We have previously demonstrated that the central factor of super elongation complex-like 3 (SEC-L3), AFF3, is enriched at gamete differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the imprinted loci and regulates the imprinted gene expression.

Integrated four-channel directly modulated O-band optical transceiver for radio over fiber application.

We have fabricated a compact and integrated 4-channel analog optical transceiver for radio over fiber application. In the fabricated module, the transmitter optical sub-assembly is composed of four directly modulated DFB laser chips integrated with an optical multiplexer based on an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) using silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. The receiver optical sub-assembly consists of a PIN photodiode array integrated with an AWG-PLC-type optical de-multiplexer.