Biosynthesis of non-sulfated high-molecular-weight glycosaminoglycans and specific-sized oligosaccharides.

Non-sulfated forms of glycosaminoglycans (NSGAGs) including hyaluronan, chondroitin and heparosan with high-molecular-weight (HMW) are extensively used biomaterials, while NSGAGs oligosaccharides display strong bioactivities. However, microbial production of HMW-NSGAGs and oligosaccharides with specific size are always challenging. Here, a membrane shield strategy was developed to produce HMW-NSGAGs by recruiting type II NSGAG synthases in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

Hierarchical goethite nanoparticle and tin dioxide quantum dot anchored on reduced graphene oxide for long life and high rate lithium-ion storage.

The synergetic effect between two or more electrochemically active materials usually leads to superior lithium-ion storage performance. This work demonstrates a straightforward and effective approach to synthesize a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) encapsulated larger goethite (FeOOH) nanoparticles and smaller tin dioxide (SnO) quantum dots hierarchical composite (SnO@FeOOH/RGO). The synthesized SnO@FeOOH/RGO composite exhibits encouraging lithium-ion storage capability than controlled SnO/RGO and FeOOH/RGO samples with a stable specific capacity of 638 mAh·g under a high current rate of 1000 mA·g for 2000 continual cycles and good rate performance.

Influences of bioapatite mineral and fibril structure on the mechanical properties of chicken bone during the laying period.

Laying hens suffer from osteoporosis during their laying period, which causes bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. This study evaluated the changes of mechanical properties of their bones during the laying period (from 18 to 77 wk) by using nano-indentation, atomic force microscope, X-Ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Results indicated that the crystallite sizes of bioapatite in femur decreased significantly from 34.

Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Environmental pH on the Mechanical Properties of .

The regulation of environmental pH is key to the health of an ecosystem, influencing the metabolic activity, growth, and development of organisms within it. Although pH values can be measured by a wide range of readily available technologies ranging from fluorescent dyes and nanosensors, these cannot reveal the history of environmental pH from before monitoring begins. This information is sometimes crucial for piecing together what has happened to an ecosystem, and our long-term goal is therefore to develop technologies capable of obtaining it.

Tunable and switchable dual-wavelength mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser based on a fiber taper.

We demonstrate a self-starting dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser at a 2 μm spectral region by using a fiber taper in a Tm-doped ring fiber cavity. The fiber taper fabricated with a flame brushing technique was used as a periodic filter with a modulation depth of ~3.61 dB and a modulation period of ~7.

A study of organic acid production in contrasts between two phosphate solubilizing fungi: Penicillium oxalicum and Aspergillus niger.

Phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) have huge potentials in enhancing release of phosphorus from fertilizer. Two PSF (NJDL-03 and NJDL-12) were isolated and identified as Penicillium oxalicum and Aspergillus niger respectively in this study. The quantification and identification of organic acids were performed by HPLC.