An overview of analytical methods for detecting endogenous hydrogen sulfide (HS) in plants.

The significance of hydrogen sulfide (HS) as a crucial gasotransmitter has been shown extensively in plants, and endogenous HS is often modulated to activate HS signaling when plants respond to numerous developmental and environmental cues. Consequently, elucidating the HS physiological concentrations and the HS generation intensity of plants is key to understanding the activation mechanism of HS signaling, which has attracted increasing attention. Currently, a variety of reaction-based methods have been reported for monitoring HS concentration in vivo and in vitro.

Melatonin improves the storage quality of rabbiteye blueberry () by affecting cuticular wax profile.

Cuticular wax is the first line of structural defense for plants against external stresses. This study investigated the effects of melatonin (MT) on chemical composition and accumulation profile of wax, as well as fruit quality of rabbiteye blueberry during storage. The results indicated a significant reduction in the overall wax content during storage.

A insertion in alters cuticular wax biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage ( L. ssp. ).

Glossiness is an important quality-related trait of Chinese cabbage, which is a leafy vegetable crop in the family Brassicaceae. The glossy trait is caused by abnormal cuticular wax accumulation. In this study, on the basis of a bulked segregant analysis coupled with next-generation sequencing (BSA-seq) and fine-mapping, the most likely candidate gene responsible for the glossy phenotype of Chinese cabbage was identified.

Optimization of near-infrared reflectance models in determining flavonoid composition of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) pods.

Okra pods have been utilized as a functional food due to their rich active ingredient composition, especially the high content of flavonoid compounds. This study conducted near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) modeling optimization and external validation based on the flavonoid components of 219 pod samples. Spectral correlation analyses identified two types of spectral response patterns classified as quercetin-3-O-xylose (1-2) glucoside (QOXG) and total flavonoid content (TFC), consisting of six different spectral regions.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of ESPs and NSPs Involved in Glucosinolate Hydrolysis and Insect Attack Defense in Chinese Cabbage ( subsp. ).

Glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites that are part of the plant's defense system against pathogens and pests and are activated via enzymatic degradation by thioglucoside glucohydrolases (myrosinases). Epithiospecifier proteins (ESPs) and nitrile-specifier proteins (NSPs) divert the myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of a given glucosinolate to form epithionitrile and nitrile rather than isothiocyanate. However, the associated gene families have not been explored in Chinese cabbage.

Enhanced Resistance to in by Activating Host Immunity through Exogenous Aspf2-like Protein (VDAL) Treatment.

Sclerotinia stem rot caused by is one of the most destructive diseases in . Aspf2-like protein (VDAL) is a secretory protein of . which has been shown to enhance the resistance against fungal infections in several plants.

Transcriptomic analysis of succulent stem development of Chinese kale ( var. Bailey) and its synthetic allotetraploid RNA sequencing.

Chinese kale ( var. Bailey, CC) is a succulent stem vegetable in the family. Its allotetraploid (AACC) vegetable germplasm, which was synthesized distant hybridization with the colloquially named 'yellow turnip' ( L.

Glutamic Acid and Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Enhanced the Heat Resistance of Chinese Cabbage ( L. ssp. ) by Improving Carotenoid Biosynthesis, Photosynthesis, and ROS Signaling.

Heat stress is one of the most common agrometeorological risks in crop production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. This study aimed to investigate whether glutamic acid (Glu) or poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) biostimulants can improve the thermotolerance of a cool-season Chinese cabbage ( L. ssp.

Identification and Quantification of Flavonoids in Okra ( L. Moench) and Antiproliferative Activity In Vitro of Four Main Components Identified.

Okra is a kind of flavonoid-rich food which was reported to have a variety of health functions. Flavonoids are the major polyphenolic compounds in okra and are thought to play a role in reducing the risk of disease. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the flavonoids composition in okra pods and explore the activity of the main flavonoids components identified on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation in vitro.

Glycine Betaine and β-Aminobutyric Acid Mitigate the Detrimental Effects of Heat Stress on Chinese Cabbage ( L. ssp. ) Seedlings with Improved Photosynthetic Performance and Antioxidant System.

Heat stress is one of the major abiotic factors that limit the growth, development, and productivity of plants. Both glycine betaine (GB) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) have received considerable attention due to their roles in stimulating tolerance to diverse abiotic stresses. In order to understand how GB and BABA biostimulants alleviate heat stress in a cool-weather Chinese cabbage ( L.

Role of melatonin in promoting plant growth by regulating carbon assimilation and ATP accumulation.

Melatonin (MT) is a phytohormone important in mediating diverse plant growth processes. In this study, we performed transcriptomic, qRT-PCR, physiological and biochemical analyses of Brassica rapa seedlings in order to understand how MT promotes plant growth. The results showed that exogenous MT increased the rate of cyclic electron flow around photosystem (PS) I, fluorescence quantum yield, and electron transport efficiency between PSII and PSI to promote the vegetative growth of B.

Melatonin affects cuticular wax profile in rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) during fruit development.

Cuticular wax has been implicated in the first line of plant defense mechanism against external stresses. In this study, cuticular wax on the fruits of two rabbiteye blueberry cultivars cv. Baldwin and Brightwell were examined in terms of the morphology and chemical composition during fruit development in the presence and absence of pre-harvest melatonin (MT) treatment.

The GPCR-β-arrestin complex allosterically activates C-Raf by binding its amino terminus.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) convert external stimuli into cellular signals through heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins) and β-arrestins (βarrs). In a βarr-dependent signaling pathway, βarrs link GPCRs to various downstream signaling partners, such as the Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade. Agonist-stimulated GPCR-βarr complexes have been shown to interact with C-Raf and are thought to initiate the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway through simple tethering of these signaling partners.

Effects of on Plant Development, Glucosinolate Metabolism, and Resistance in Transgenic .

MYC2/3/4, known as a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, directly activate the genes involved in diverse plant development and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. In this study, we identified and cloned five paralogs (////) from Chinese cabbage ( ssp. ).

Melatonin elevated Sclerotinia sclerotiorum resistance via modulation of ATP and glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis.

Sclerotinia stem rot is a common disease found in Brassica rapa that is caused by the necrotic plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Melatonin (MT) has known biological activity and effectively relieved this type of Sclerotinia stem rot in B. rapa.

An ensemble of cryo-EM structures of TRiC reveal its conformational landscape and subunit specificity.

TRiC/CCT assists the folding of ∼10% of cytosolic proteins through an ATP-driven conformational cycle and is essential in maintaining protein homeostasis. Here, we determined an ensemble of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of yeast TRiC at various nucleotide concentrations, with 4 open-state maps resolved at near-atomic resolutions, and a closed-state map at atomic resolution, revealing an extra layer of an unforeseen N-terminal allosteric network. We found that, during TRiC ring closure, the CCT7 subunit moves first, responding to nucleotide binding; CCT4 is the last to bind ATP, serving as an ATP sensor; and CCT8 remains ADP-bound and is hardly involved in the ATPase-cycle in our experimental conditions; overall, yeast TRiC consumes nucleotide in a 2-ring positively coordinated manner.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Polygalacturonase Genes in .

Polygalacturonase (PG), a large hydrolase family in plants, is involved in pectin disassembly of the cell wall in plants. The present study aims to characterize PG genes and investigate their expression patterns in . We identified 54 PG genes in the tomato genome and compared their amino acid sequences with their Arabidopsis counterpart.

Development of a yeast internal-subunit eGFP labeling strategy and its application in subunit identification in eukaryotic group II chaperonin TRiC/CCT.

Unambiguous subunit assignment in a multicomponent complex is critical for thorough understanding of the machinery and its functionality. The eukaryotic group II chaperonin TRiC/CCT folds approximately 10% of cytosolic proteins and is important for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. TRiC consists of two rings and each ring has eight homologous but distinct subunits.

Staggered ATP binding mechanism of eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC (CCT) revealed through high-resolution cryo-EM.

The eukaryotic chaperonin TRiC (or CCT) assists in the folding of 10% of cytosolic proteins. Here we present two cryo-EM structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae TRiC in a newly identified nucleotide partially preloaded (NPP) state and in the ATP-bound state, at 4.7-Å and 4.

Glucosinolate Accumulation and Related Gene Expression in Pak Choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis var. communis [N. Tsen & S.H. Lee] Hanelt) in Response to Insecticide Application.

Glucosinolates and their breakdown products are well-known for their cancer-chemoprotective functions and biocidal activities against pathogens and generalist herbivores. Insecticides are commonly used in the production of pak choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp.

Leaf and root glucosinolate profiles of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) as a systemic response to methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitation.

Glucosinolates (GSs) are an important group of defensive phytochemicals mainly found in Brassicaceae. Plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) are major regulators of plant response to pathogen attack. However, there is little information about the interactive effect of both elicitors on inducing GS biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp.

Genome-wide identification of glucosinolate synthesis genes in Brassica rapa.

Glucosinolates play important roles in plant defense against herbivores and microbes, as well as in human nutrition. Some glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanate and nitrile compounds have been clinically proven for their anticarcinogenic activity. To better understand glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica rapa, we conducted a comparative genomics study with Arabidopsis thaliana and identified total 56 putative biosynthetic and regulator genes.