Bioinformatics analysis reveals potential crosstalk genes and molecular mechanisms between ulcerative colitis and psoriasis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and psoriasis are highly correlated clinically; however, it is unclear whether they have a common pathophysiological mechanism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the important molecules and pathways that mediate the coexistence of UC and psoriasis through quantitative bioinformatics analysis of public RNA-sequencing databases. The UC (GSE38713) and psoriasis (GSE30999) datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.

Inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis share a common genetic structure.

Background: The comorbidity rate of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is high; nevertheless, the reasons behind this high rate remain unclear. Their similar genetic makeup probably contributes to this comorbidity.

Methods: Based on data obtained from the genome-wide association study of IBD and RA, we first assessed an overall genetic association by performing the linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis.

Readily releasable β cells with tight Ca-exocytosis coupling dictate biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

Biphasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is essential for blood glucose regulation, but a mechanistic model incorporating the recently identified islet β cell heterogeneity remains elusive. Here, we show that insulin secretion is spatially and dynamically heterogeneous across the islet. Using a zinc-based fluorophore with spinning-disc confocal microscopy, we reveal that approximately 40% of islet cells, which we call readily releasable β cells (RRβs), are responsible for 80% of insulin exocytosis events.

Genetically predicted levels of circulating cytokines and the risk of six immune skin diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Circulating cytokines play a crucial role in the onset and progression of immune skin diseases. However, the causal relationships and the direction of causal effects require further investigation.

Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to assess the causal relationships between 41 circulating cytokines and six immune skin diseases including alopecia areata, chloasma, hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), lichen planus (LP), seborrheic dermatitis, and urticaria, using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies.

Third-Generation Covalent TMP-Tag for Fast Labeling and Multiplexed Imaging of Cellular Proteins.

Self-labeling protein tags can introduce advanced molecular motifs to specific cellular proteins. Here we introduce the third-generation covalent TMP-tag (TMP-tag3) and showcase its comparison with HaloTag and SNAP-tag. TMP-tag3 is based on a proximity-induced covalent Michael addition between an engineered Cys of E.

Survival Predictors of Resectable Gallbladder Carcinoma: An Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database.

Background: To analyze population-level data for resectable gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) according to the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system.

Methods: We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify all patients aged 18 years or older with T1-3 M0 GBC diagnosed between 2004 and 2015. Multivariate cox hazard regression analysis was used to identify prognostic factors of cancer-specific survival (CSS).

Red- and Far-Red-Emitting Zinc Probes with Minimal Phototoxicity for Multiplexed Recording of Orchestrated Insulin Secretion.

Zinc biology, featuring intertwining signaling networks and critical importance to human health, witnesses exciting opportunities in the big data era of physiology. Here, we report a class of red- and far-red-emitting Zn probes with K values ranging from 190 nM to 74 μM, which are particularly suitable for real-time monitoring the high concentration of Zn co-released with insulin during vesicular secretory events. Compared to the prototypical rhodamine-based Zn probes, the new class exploits morpholino auxochromes which eliminates phototoxicity during long-term live recording of isolated islets.

Identification and analysis of glutathione S-transferase gene family in sweet potato reveal divergent GST-mediated networks in aboveground and underground tissues in response to abiotic stresses.

Background: Sweet potato, a hexaploid species lacking a reference genome, is one of the most important crops in many developing countries, where abiotic stresses are a primary cause of reduction of crop yield. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional enzymes that play important roles in oxidative stress tolerance and cellular detoxification.

Results: A total of 42 putative full-length GST genes were identified from two local transcriptome databases and validated by molecular cloning and Sanger sequencing.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Unsymmetrical C-H Alkylation and Amidation Reactions of N-Phenoxyacetamides.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed unsymmetrical C-H alkylation and amidation of N-phenoxyacetamides with diazo compounds has been developed under mild and redox-neutral conditions, producing dinitrogen as the only byproduct. The reaction represents the first example of one-step, unsymmetrical difunctionalization of two ortho-C-H bonds. Experimental and computational studies support that N-phenoxyacetamides most likely undergo an initial ortho-C-H alkylation with diazo compounds via a Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation, and the resulting Rh(III) intermediate subsequently undergoes an intramolecular oxidative addition into the O-N bond to form a Rh(V) nitrenoid species that is protonated and further directed toward electrophilic addition to the second ortho position of the phenyl ring.

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Selective C-H Acetoxylation and Hydroxylation Reactions.

An efficient Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed, chelation-assisted C(sp)-H acetoxylation and hydroxylation reaction has been developed for the first time. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and allows for selective preparation of C-H acetoxylation and hydroxylation products, thus providing a good complement to previous C-H oxygenation reactions and expanding the field of Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalizations.

Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed alkylation of primary C(sp(3))-H bonds with α-diazocarbonyl compounds.

Rh(iii)-catalyzed intermolecular chelation-assisted insertion of carbenes derived from α-diazocarbonyl compounds into non-acidic primary sp(3) C-H bonds, for the first time, is reported under mild reaction conditions, thus affording a good complement to previous metal-carbenoid-induced primary C(sp(3))-H insertion reactions. We believe that this method will open up a new avenue for primary sp(3) C-H functionalization with α-diazocarbonyl compounds.

Cytogenetic relationships among Citrullus species in comparison with some genera of the tribe Benincaseae (Cucurbitaceae) as inferred from rDNA distribution patterns.

Background: Comparative mapping of 5S and 45S rDNA by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique is an excellent tool to determine cytogenetic relationships among closely related species.

Results: In this study, the number and position of 5S and 45S rDNA loci in all Citrullus species and subspecies were determined. The cultivated watermelon (C.

Redox-neutral rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization of arylamine N-oxides with diazo compounds: primary C(sp(3))-H/C(sp(2))-H activation and oxygen-atom transfer.

An unprecedented rhodium(III)-catalyzed regioselective redox-neutral annulation reaction of 1-naphthylamine N-oxides with diazo compounds was developed to afford various biologically important 1H-benzo[g]indolines. This coupling reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions and does not require external oxidants. The only by-products are dinitrogen and water.

Morphine preconditioning confers cardioprotection in doxorubicin-induced failing rat hearts via ERK/GSK-3β pathway independent of PI3K/Akt.

Preconditioning against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can be suppressed in some pathological conditions. This study was designed to investigate whether morphine preconditioning (MPC) exerts cardioprotection in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced heart failure in rats and the mechanisms involved. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β pathways were examined.

Rh(III)- or Ir(III)-catalyzed ynone synthesis from aldehydes via chelation-assisted C-H bond activation.

A Rh(III)- or Ir(III)-catalyzed direct aldehyde C-H alkynylation was developed for the first time as a simple and practical method for the synthesis of ynones. This catalytic reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions and tolerates a variety of synthetically important functional groups (e.g.

Iridium(III)-catalyzed C-7 selective C-H alkynylation of indolines at room temperature.

An iridium-catalyzed direct C-7 selective C-H alkynylation of indolines at room temperature, for the first time, has been developed via C-H bond activation. Furthermore, the first example of direct C-H alkynylation of carbazoles at the C1 position is also achieved. More importantly, the resulting product can be readily transformed into C7-alkynylated indoles, further widening the C-7 derivatization of indoles and highlighting the synthetic utility of this methodology.

Rhodium(III)- and iridium(III)-catalyzed C7 alkylation of indolines with diazo compounds.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed procedure for the C7-selective C-H alkylation of various indolines with α-diazo compounds at room temperature is reported. The advantages of this process are: 1) simple, mild, and pH-neutral reaction conditions, 2) broad substrate scope, 3) complete regioselectivity, 4) no need for an external oxidant, and 5) N2 as the sole byproduct. Furthermore, alkylation and bis-alkylation of carbazoles at the C1 and C8 positions have also been developed.