Barriers to Optimal Clinician Guideline Adherence in Management of Markedly Elevated Blood Pressure: A Qualitative Study.

Importance: Hypertension poses a substantial public health challenge. Despite clinical practice guidelines for hypertension management, clinician adherence to these guidelines remains suboptimal.

Objective: To develop a taxonomy of suboptimal adherence scenarios for severe hypertension and identify barriers to guideline adherence.

Group Theory on Quasisymmetry and Protected Near Degeneracy.

In solid state systems, group representation theory is powerful in characterizing the behavior of quasiparticles, notably the energy degeneracy. While conventional group theory is effective in answering yes-or-no questions related to symmetry breaking, its application to determining the magnitude of energy splitting resulting from symmetry lowering is limited. Here, we propose a theory on quasisymmetry and near degeneracy, thereby expanding the applicability of group theory to address questions regarding large-or-small energy splitting.

Hypertension Trends and Disparities Over 12 Years in a Large Health System: Leveraging the Electronic Health Records.

Background: The digital transformation of medical data enables health systems to leverage real-world data from electronic health records to gain actionable insights for improving hypertension care.

Methods And Results: We performed a serial cross-sectional analysis of outpatients of a large regional health system from 2010 to 2021. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or recorded treatment with antihypertension medications.

Observation of plaid-like spin splitting in a noncoplanar antiferromagnet.

Spatial, momentum and energy separation of electronic spins in condensed-matter systems guides the development of new devices in which spin-polarized current is generated and manipulated. Recent attention on a set of previously overlooked symmetry operations in magnetic materials leads to the emergence of a new type of spin splitting, enabling giant and momentum-dependent spin polarization of energy bands on selected antiferromagnets. Despite the ever-growing theoretical predictions, the direct spectroscopic proof of such spin splitting is still lacking.

Chern-Insulator Phase in Antiferromagnets.

The long-sought Chern insulators that manifest a quantum anomalous Hall effect are typically considered to occur in ferromagnets. Here, we theoretically predict the realizabilities of Chern insulators in antiferromagnets, in which the magnetic sublattices are connected by symmetry operators enforcing zero net magnetic moment. Our symmetry analysis provides comprehensive magnetic layer point groups that allow antiferromagnetic (AFM) Chern insulators, revealing that an in-plane magnetic configuration is required.

Spectroscopic signature of obstructed surface states in SrInP.

The century-long development of surface sciences has witnessed the discoveries of a variety of quantum states. In the recently proposed "obstructed atomic insulators", symmetric charges are pinned at virtual sites where no real atoms reside. The cleavage through these sites could lead to a set of obstructed surface states with partial electronic occupation.

Excess Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost Among the Black Population in the US, 1999-2020.

Importance: Amid efforts in the US to promote health equity, there is a need to assess recent progress in reducing excess deaths and years of potential life lost among the Black population compared with the White population.

Objective: To evaluate trends in excess mortality and years of potential life lost among the Black population compared with the White population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Serial cross-sectional study using US national data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1999 through 2020.

Nonexercise machine learning models for maximal oxygen uptake prediction in national population surveys.

Objective: Nonexercise algorithms are cost-effective methods to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), but the existing models have limitations in generalizability and predictive power. This study aims to improve the nonexercise algorithms using machine learning (ML) methods and data from US national population surveys.

Materials And Methods: We used the 1999-2004 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Quantifying Blood Pressure Visit-to-Visit Variability in the Real-World Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Visit-to-visit variability (VVV) in blood pressure values has been reported in clinical studies. However, little is known about VVV in clinical practice and whether it is associated with patient characteristics in real-world setting.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to quantify VVV in systolic blood pressure (SBP) values in a real-world setting.

Tracking Chinese newspaper coverage of elephant ivory through topic modeling.

Mass media worldwide has contributed to increasing awareness of the illegal wildlife trade and its significant impact on wildlife conservation. We used mass media coverage as a proxy for macro-level public opinion to analyze the media framing of elephant ivory in 6394 Chinese newspaper articles published from 2000 to 2021 and thus determine the effects of wildlife policies on public opinion. We focused on 2 events: the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) approval of China as a trading partner in the purchase and import of ivory stockpiles from Africa in July 2008 and the Chinese government's announcement of a domestic ivory ban in December 2016.

Van der Waals Engineering of Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Magnetic Heterostructures.

Heterostructures composed of the intrinsic magnetic topological insulator MnBiTe and its nonmagnetic counterpart BiTe host distinct surface electronic band structures depending on the stacking order and exposed termination. Here, we probe the ultrafast dynamical response of MnBiTe and MnBiTe following near-infrared optical excitation using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and disentangle surface from bulk dynamics based on density functional theory slab calculations of the surface-projected electronic structure. We gain access to the out-of-equilibrium charge carrier populations of both MnBiTe and BiTe surface terminations of MnBiTe, revealing an instantaneous occupation of states associated with the BiTe surface layer followed by carrier extraction into the adjacent MnBiTe layers with a laser fluence-tunable delay of up to 350 fs.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Financial Barriers Among Overweight and Obese Adults Eligible for Semaglutide in the United States.

Background Semaglutide holds the promise for weight loss and risk reduction. Less is known about racial and ethnic disparities in financial barriers among the semaglutide-eligible population. Methods and Results We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 18 years or older using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 to 2020.

Sex-Specific Risk Factors Associated With First Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults.

Importance: An increasing proportion of people in the US hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are younger than 55 years, with the largest increase in young women. Effective prevention requires an understanding of risk factors associated with risk of AMI in young women compared with men.

Objectives: To assess the sex-specific associations of demographic, clinical, and psychosocial risk factors with first AMI among adults younger than 55 years, overall, and by AMI subtype.

Pressure-Tuned Intralayer Exchange in Superlattice-Like MnBiTe/(BiTe) Topological Insulators.

The magnetic structures of MnBiTe(BiTe) can be manipulated by tuning the interlayer coupling via the number of BiTe spacer layers , while the intralayer ferromagnetic (FM) exchange coupling is considered too robust to control. By applying hydrostatic pressure up to 3.5 GPa, we discover opposite responses of magnetic properties for = 1 and 2.

A van der Waals antiferromagnetic topological insulator with weak interlayer magnetic coupling.

Magnetic topological insulators (TI) provide an important material platform to explore quantum phenomena such as quantized anomalous Hall effect and Majorana modes, etc. Their successful material realization is thus essential for our fundamental understanding and potential technical revolutions. By realizing a bulk van der Waals material MnBiTe with alternating septuple [MnBiTe] and quintuple [BiTe] layers, we show that it is ferromagnetic in plane but antiferromagnetic along the c axis with an out-of-plane saturation field of ~0.

Role of the disulfide bond on the structure and activity of μ-conotoxin PIIIA in the inhibition of Na1.4.

μ-Conotoxin PIIIA, a peptide toxin isolated from , blocks the skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel Na1.4 with significant potency. PIIIA has three disulfide bonds, which contribute largely to its highly constrained and stable structure.