Calycosin regulates astrocyte reactivity and astrogliosis after spinal cord injury by targeting STAT3 phosphorylation.

Background: Astrocytes are the most populous glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), which can exert detrimental effects through a process of reactive astrogliosis. Our previous study has indicated the potential effect of Calycosin in preventing spinal cord injury (SCI). This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which calycosin regulates the polarization of A1 astrocytes, a neurotoxic subtype of reactive astrocytes, in SCI models.

Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, ameliorates inflammation and apoptosis via inhibition of receptor for advanced glycation end products signaling in AGEs induced chondrocytes.

Background: This study aimed to investigate functions of GLP-1R agonist by liraglutide (LIRA) and revealing the mechanism related to AGEs/RAGE in chondrocytes.

Methods: To illustrate potential effect of GLP-1R agonist on AGEs induced chondrocytes, chondrocytes were administrated by AGEs with LIRA and GLP-1R inhibitor exendin. Inflammatory factors were assessed using ELISA.

Effects of glucagon‑like peptide‑1 receptor agonists on fracture healing in a rat osteoporotic model.

Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by reduced bone mass, microstructural deterioration, fragility and consequent fragility fractures and is particularly prevalent among the elderly population. Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have positive effects on bones, their role in the prevention of osteoporotic fractures remains to be elucidated. The present study assigned female Sprague Dawley rats with osteoporotic fractures into variectomized osteoporosis (OVX), OVX + liraglutide (LIRA) (50 µg/kg/day subcutaneous LIRA) and control groups.

Delivery of FGF10 by implantable porous gelatin microspheres for treatment of spinal cord injury.

Porous gelatin microspheres (GMSs) were constructed to enhance the neuroprotective effects of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) against spinal cord injury (SCI). The GMSs were prepared using a water‑in‑oil emulsion, followed by cross‑linking, washing and drying. The blank GMSs had a mean particle size of 35 µm, with a coarse and porous surface.

Effects of LncRNA GAS5/miR-137 general anesthesia on cognitive function by TCF4 inflammatory bodies in patients undergoing lumbar spinal canal decompression.

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common orthopedic disease in clinical practice at present. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) refers to the phenomenon of impaired memory. However, whether long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) GAS5 contributes to the mechanism of cognitive function in undergoing lumbar spinal canal decompression remains unknown.

Biomimetic and osteogenic 3D silk fibroin composite scaffolds with nano MgO and mineralized hydroxyapatite for bone regeneration.

Artificial bioactive materials have received increasing attention worldwide in clinical orthopedics to repair bone defects that are caused by trauma, infections or tumors, especially dedicated to the multifunctional composite effect of materials. In this study, a weakly alkaline, biomimetic and osteogenic, three-dimensional composite scaffold (3DS) with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and nano magnesium oxide (MgO) embedded in fiber (F) of silkworm cocoon and silk fibroin (SF) is evaluated comprehensively for its bone repair potential in vivo and in vitro experiments, particularly focusing on the combined effect between HAp and MgO. Magnesium ions (Mg) has long been proven to promote bone tissue regeneration, and HAp is provided with osteoconductive properties.

Astragalin alleviates ischemia/reperfusion‑induced brain injury via suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Excessive apoptosis and neuronal dysfunction are pathological features of ischemic stroke. Previous studies have demonstrated that astragalin (AST) exerted both anti‑​apoptotic and anti‑inflammatory effects in several types of disease, although its potential effect in ischemic stroke remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of AST on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‑induced brain injury and the underlying mechanisms.

Dioscin Attenuates Interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-Induced Catabolism and Apoptosis via Modulating the Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling in Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells.

BACKGROUND Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell dysfunction and apoptosis contribute to disc degeneration. Dioscin, a natural steroid saponin, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidative effects in various diseases. However, little is known about the roles of dioscin in intervertebral disc degeneration.

Cordycepin promotes osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and accelerates fracture healing via hypoxia in a rat model of closed femur fracture.

Fracture is the most frequently encountered traumatic large-organ injury observed in human patients. Cordycepin possesses beneficial effects in osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but its effect on fracture healing is largely unknown. A rat model of closed femur fracture was established, and treated with therapy using bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs).

Protective Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water Against Cartilage Damage in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Matrix Catabolism, and Apoptosis.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the potential effects of hydrogen-rich water (HW) on articular cartilage in a rat osteoarthritis (OA) model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A rat model of OA was established using the modified Hulth method, and rats were forced to exercise for 30 min every day 1 week after surgery for 7 weeks. Mankin's method was used to score the severity of OA.

Research Progress on Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis.

We review the representatives literatures on chronic osteomyelitis, sum up the new insights in recent years into diagnostic options and treatment regimens, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies, and propose areas of interest to make current diagnostic and treatment strategies more specific.

Loganin Attenuates Osteoarthritis in Rats by Inhibiting IL-1β-Induced Catabolism and Apoptosis in Chondrocytes Via Regulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (PI3K)/Akt.

BACKGROUND Chondrocyte apoptosis and catabolism are 2 major factors that contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Loganin, an iridoid glycoside present in several herbs, including Flos lonicerae, Cornus mas L, and Strychnos nux vomica, is a valuable medication with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Our study examines these effects and explores the potential benefits of loganin in the OA treatment.

Diazoxide ameliorates severity of experimental osteoarthritis by activating autophagy via modulation of the osteoarthritis-related biomarkers.

Accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy plays a protective role in chondrocytes and prevents cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diazoxide on chondrocyte death and cartilage degeneration and to determine whether these effects are correlated to autophagy in experimental OA. In this study, a cellular OA model was established by stimulating SW1353 cells with interleukin 1β.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and the associated inflammatory response in chondrocytes and the progression of osteoarthritis in rat.

Treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) are designed to restore chondrocyte function and inhibit cell apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that activation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) leads to anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. However, the role of GLP-1R in the pathological process of OA is unclear.

Sirt6 overexpression suppresses senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells by inducing autophagy in a model of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) seeks to prevent senescence and death of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Previous studies have shown that sirt6 exerts potent anti-senescent and anti-apoptotic effects in models of age-related degenerative disease. However, it is not known whether sirt6 protects against IDD.

Panax quinquefolium saponin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis and the associated inflammatory response in chondrocytes and attenuates the progression of osteoarthritis in rat.

Treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) seek to restore chondrocyte function and inhibit cell apoptosis. Panax quinquefolium saponin (PQS) is the major active ingredient of Radix panacis quinquefolii (American ginseng), and has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in various diseases. However, any potential effect of PQS on the pathological process of OA remains unclear.

Gastrodin reduces IL-1β-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and matrix catabolism in osteoarthritis chondrocytes and attenuates rat cartilage degeneration in vivo.

Therapeutics for osteoarthritis (OA) are intended to restore chondrocyte function and inhibit cell apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that gastrodin had anti-apoptotic and anti- inflammatory effects. However, little is known about whether gastrodin has protective effects against the processes of OA.

Diazoxide prevents HO-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease affecting elderly individuals. Its incidence rises sharply with age, and chondrocyte apoptosis plays a vital role in its pathogenesis. Diazoxide opens mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channels and exerts multiple pharmacological effects, including reductions in blood pressure and blood sugar levels.

Research progress on osteoarthritis treatment mechanisms.

Osteoarthritis is a common disease and is frequently encountered in the older population; the incidence rises sharply with age. It is estimated that more than 360 million people suffer from OA. However, the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remains unclear, and we cannot effectively prevent the progression of OA.

Celastrol reduces IL-1β induced matrix catabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation in human nucleus pulposus cells and attenuates rat intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo.

Celastrol has been reported to exert therapeutic potential on pro-inflammatory diseases including asthma, Crohn's disease, arthritis and neurodegenerative disorders via inhibiting NF-κB pathway. While the effect of celastrol on intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which is also a pro-inflammatory disease, remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of celastrol on IDD in IL-1β treated human nucleus pulposus cells in vitro as well as in puncture induced rat IDD model in vivo.