Exploring the gut microbiota and metabolome of Lateolabrax japonicus: A multi-omics approach.

The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the health and development of fish, engaging in intricate interactions with the host organism. As a significant species in aquaculture, Lateolabrax japonicus serves as an exemplary model for investigating these interactions and their subsequent effects on growth and health. This study utilized a multi-omics approach, incorporating metagenomic sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics, to delineate the gut microbiota and metabolome of L.

Prior Visual-guided Self-supervised Learning Enables Color Vignetting Correction for High-throughput Microscopic Imaging.

Vignetting constitutes a prevalent optical degradation that significantly compromises the quality of biomedical microscopic imaging. However, a robust and efficient vignetting correction methodology in multi-channel microscopic images remains absent at present. In this paper, we take advantage of a prior knowledge about the homogeneity of microscopic images and radial attenuation property of vignetting to develop a self-supervised deep learning algorithm that achieves complex vignetting removal in color microscopic images.

Deep learning permits imaging of multiple structures with the same fluorophores.

Fluorescence microscopy, which employs fluorescent tags to label and observe cellular structures and their dynamics, is a powerful tool for life sciences. However, due to the spectral overlap between different dyes, a limited number of structures can be separately labeled and imaged for live-cell applications. In addition, the conventional sequential channel imaging procedure is quite time consuming, as it needs to switch either different lasers or filters.

Recent Progress in Physiological Significance and Biosynthesis of Lacto--triose II: Insights into a Crucial Biomolecule.

Lacto--triose II (LNTri II), an important precursor for human milk oligosaccharide (HMOs) synthesis, has garnered significant attention due to its structural features and physiological properties. Composed of galactose (Gal), -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), and glucose (Glc), with the chemical structure GlcNAcβ1,3Galβ1,4Glc, the distinctive structure of LNTri II confers various physiological functions such as promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria, regulating the infant immune system, and preventing certain gastrointestinal diseases. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to elucidating efficient enzymatic synthesis pathways for LNTri II production, with particular emphasis on the transglycosylation activity of β--acetylhexosaminidases and the action of β-1,3--acetylglucosaminyltransferases.

Gibberellins involved in fruit ripening and softening by mediating multiple hormonal signals in tomato.

The phytohormone ethylene is well known for its important role in the ripening of climacteric fruit, such as tomato (). However, the role and mode of action of other plant hormones in climacteric fruit ripening regulation are not fully understood. Here, we showed that exogenous GA treatment or increasing endogenous gibberellin content by overexpressing the gibberellin synthesis gene specifically in fruit tissues delayed tomato fruit ripening, whereas treatment with the GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) accelerated fruit ripening.

Boosting microscopic object detection via feature activation map guided poisson blending.

Microscopic examination of visible components based on micrographs is the gold standard for testing in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. The application of object detection technology in bioimages not only improves the efficiency of the analyst but also provides decision support to ensure the objectivity and consistency of diagnosis. However, the lack of large annotated datasets is a significant impediment in rapidly deploying object detection models for microscopic formed elements detection.

Augmented Super-Resolution Radial Fluctuations (aSRRF) Pushing the Limits of Structured Illumination Microscopy.

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a versatile super-resolution technique known for its compatibility with a wide range of probes and fast implementation. While 3D SIM is capable of achieving a spatial resolution of ∼120 nm laterally and ∼300 nm axially, attempting to further enhance the resolution through methods such as nonlinear SIM or 4-beam SIM introduces complexities in optical configurations, increased phototoxicity, and reduced temporal resolution. Here, we have developed a novel method that combines SIM with augmented super-resolution radial fluctuations (aSRRF) utilizing a single image through image augmentation.

ChsA, a Class Ⅱ Chitin Synthase, Contributes to Asexual Conidiation, Mycelial Morphology, Cell Wall Integrity, and the Production of Enzymes and Organic Acids in .

Chitin synthases (CHSs) are vital enzymes for the synthesis of chitin and play important and differential roles in fungal development, cell wall integrity, environmental adaptation, virulence, and metabolism in fungi. However, except for ChsC, a class III CHS, little is known about the functions of CHSs in , an important fungus that is widely applied in the fermentation industry and food processing, as well as a spoilage fungus of food and a human pathogen. This study showed the important functions of ChsA, a class II CHS, in using multi-phenotypic and transcriptional analyses under various conditions.

Leveraging Summary Guidance on Medical Report Summarization.

This study presents three deidentified large medical text datasets, named DISCHARGE, ECHO and RADIOLOGY, which contain 50 K, 16 K and 378 K pairs of report and summary that are derived from MIMIC-III, respectively. We implement convincing baselines of automated abstractive summarization on the created datasets with pre-trained encoder-decoder language models, including BERT2BERT, BERTShare, RoBERTaShare, Pegasus, ProphetNet, T5-large, BART and GSUM. Further, based on the BART model, we leverage the sampled summaries from the training set as prior knowledge guidance, for encoding additional contextual representations of the guidance with the encoder and enhancing the decoding representations in the decoder.

Genome-wide characterization of the tomato GASA family identifies SlGASA1 as a repressor of fruit ripening.

Gibberellins (GAs) play crucial roles in a wide range of developmental processes and stress responses in plants. However, the roles of GA-responsive genes in tomato () fruit development remain largely unknown. Here, we identify 17 () family genes in tomato.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for identification of central nervous system pathogens in HIV-infected patients.

Although considerable interest in metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been attracted in recent years, limited data are available regarding the performance of mNGS in HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) infection. Here, we conducted a retrospectively analyzing of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mNGS reports and other clinical data from 80 HIV-infected patients admitted to the Second Hospital of Nanjing, China from March, 2018 to March, 2022. In our study, CSF mNGS reported negative result, mono-infection, and mixed infection in 8.

Clinical features and F-FDG PET/CT for distinguishing of malignant lymphoma from inflammatory lymphadenopathy in HIV-infected patients.

Background: It is vital to distinguish between inflammatory and malignant lymphadenopathy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals. The purpose of our study was to differentiate the variations in the clinical characteristics of HIV patients, and apply F-FDG PET/CT parameters for distinguishing of malignant lymphoma and inflammatory lymphadenopathy in such patients.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 59 consecutive HIV-infected patients who underwent whole-body F-FDG PET/CT.

Prognostic usefulness of clinical features and pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters in patients with angiosarcoma.

Background: To investigate the prognostic value of clinical features and metabolic parameters in pretreatment F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) scans of patients with angiosarcoma, a rare neoplasm that has not been well characterized.

Methods: In this retrospective study, 19 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of angiosarcoma who had undergone pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT scans were enrolled. We recorded the age at presentation, sex, underlying diseases, sites of primary tumors, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, time from onset to diagnosis, laboratory examinations, sites and sizes of primary tumors, treatment modalities, histologic features and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), average SUV (SUVavg), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of primary tumors and the whole body.

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing vs. Traditional Microbiological Tests for Diagnosing Varicella-Zoster Virus Central Nervous System Infection.

Background: Unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) detects pathogens in a target-independent manner. It is not well-understood whether mNGS has comparable sensitivity to target-dependent nucleic acid test for pathogen identification.

Methods: This study included 31 patients with chickenpox and neurological symptoms for screening of possible varicella-zoster virus (VZV) central nervous system (CNS) infection.

WTIP upregulates FOXO3a and induces apoptosis through PUMA in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive and heterogeneous clonal hematologic malignancy for which novel therapeutic targets and strategies are required. Emerging evidence suggests that WTIP is a candidate tumor suppressor. However, the molecular mechanisms of WTIP in leukemogenesis have not been explored.

18F-Choline PET Detected the Third Ventricle Craniopharyngioma.

Craniopharyngiomas are rare tumors of low histological malignancy (World Health Organization grade I) in the sellar and suprasellar region of the brain. We report a case of the third ventricular craniopharyngioma detected using 18F-choline PET/CT in a 43-year-old man. MRI of the brain revealed an intense gadolinium enhancement focus in the same area.

Study of low-dose PET image recovery using supervised learning with CycleGAN.

PET is a popular medical imaging modality for various clinical applications, including diagnosis and image-guided radiation therapy. The low-dose PET (LDPET) at a minimized radiation dosage is highly desirable in clinic since PET imaging involves ionizing radiation, and raises concerns about the risk of radiation exposure. However, the reduced dose of radioactive tracers could impact the image quality and clinical diagnosis.

Overexpression of bHLH95, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor family member, impacts trichome formation via regulating gibberellin biosynthesis in tomato.

Trichomes are epidermal protuberances on aerial parts of plants known to play an important role in biotic and abiotic stresses. To date, our knowledge of the regulation of trichome formation in crop species is very limited. Through phenotyping of the Solanum pennellii×S.

Peach Carboxylesterase PpCXE1 Is Associated with Catabolism of Volatile Esters.

Peach fruit volatile acetate esters impact consumer sensory preference and contribute to defense against biotic stresses. Previous studies showed that alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) family PpAAT1 is correlated with volatile ester formation in peach fruits. However, fruits also contain carboxylesterase (CXE) enzymes that hydrolyze esters.

Atherosclerosis and Nanomedicine Potential: Current Advances and Future Opportunities.

Atherosclerosis is the leading inducement of cardiovascular diseases, which ranks the first cause of global deaths. It is an arterial disease associated with dyslipidemia and changes in the composition of the vascular wall. Besides invasive surgical strategy, the current conservative clinical treatment for atherosclerosis falls into two categories, lipid regulating-based therapy and antiinflammatory therapy.

PET Imaging on Dynamic Metabolic Changes after Combination Therapy of Paclitaxel and the Traditional Chinese Medicine in Breast Cancer-Bearing Mice.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to non-invasively evaluate the anticancer activity of a traditional Chinese medicine-Huaier, combined with paclitaxel (PTX) in breast cancer bearing mice by detecting dynamic metabolic changes with positron emission tomography (PET).

Procedures: Balb/c nude mice were randomly divided into one of the four groups: Huaier, PTX, PTX + Huaier, or the control. PET imaging with 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) was performed to monitor the metabolic changes in BT474 (luminal B) and MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative) breast cancer xenografts.

In Vivo Dynamic Metabolic Changes After Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Ischemic Injury.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to investigate in vivo dynamic metabolic changes after transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived enriched cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) in a rat model of ischemic injury.

Methods: Serial F-FDG PET, echocardiographic, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescence studies were performed after transplantation of iPSCs and iPSC-CMs and compared with embryonic stem cells (ESCs), ESC-CMs, and a phosphate-buffered saline control group of rats with myocardial infarction.

Results: Increased glucose metabolism in periinfarct areas and improved myocardial function were observed in the stem cell transplantation groups compared with the control group, and serial immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical results exhibited the survival and migration of stem cells during the study period.

Molecular, Functional, and Structural Imaging of Major Depressive Disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, correlating with genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors. Molecular, functional, and structural imaging approaches have been increasingly used to detect neurobiological changes, analyze neurochemical correlates, and parse pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD. We reviewed recent neuroimaging publications on MDD in terms of molecular, functional, and structural alterations as detected mainly by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography.

PET Mapping of Neurofunctional Changes in a Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Model.

Unlabelled: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that occurs after exposure to a traumatic event. This study aimed to investigate the neurobiologic changes before and after exposure-based therapy by PET in a rat model of PTSD.

Methods: Serial (18)F-FDG PET imaging studies were performed under the control (tone presentation), fear-conditioning, and extinction retrieval phases.