Nutritional interventions for indigenous adults in Canada - opportunities to sustain health and cultural practices: a scoping review.

Indigenous People in Canada possess rich cultural traditions, intertwined with a strong connection to nature. However, colonisation and contemporary challenges have given rise to changes in lifestyle and culture, resulting in health and nutrition disparities within these communities. The goal of this review was to explore the available literature of existing Indigenous nutrition programs for adults in Canada.

Do patients regret having in-office vocal fold injections for glottic insufficiency?

Background: In-office vocal fold injections (VFI) are an effective treatment for glottic insufficiency. The primary objective of this study was to assess if patients reported decisional regret after VFI. Secondary objectives included determining if variables were associated with lower decisional regret.

Patient-reported outcomes and morbidity after head and neck reconstructions: An evaluation of fibular and scapular free flaps.

Background: Fibular (FFF) and scapular free flaps (SFF) are versatile tissue transfers for head and neck reconstruction. However, their relative morbidity has been sparsely studied. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the morbidity and patient-reported outcome measures of these two reconstructive options.

Sex-specific, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T cut-off concentrations for ruling out acute myocardial infarction with a single measurement.

Objective: Sex-specific diagnostic cut-offs may improve the test characteristics of high-sensitivity troponin assays for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). The objective of this study was to quantify test characteristics of sex-specific cut-offs of a single, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assay for 7-day MI in patients with chest pain.

Methods: This observational cohort study included consecutive emergency department (ED) patients with suspected cardiac chest pain from four Canadian EDs who had an hs-cTnT assay performed within 60 minutes of ED arrival.

Comparative Evaluation of 2-Hour Rapid Diagnostic Algorithms for Acute Myocardial Infarction Using High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T.

Background: Symptoms of acute coronary syndrome account for a large proportion of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. High-sensitivity troponin can rapidly rule out or rule in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within a short time of ED arrival. We sought to validate test characteristics and classification performance of 2-hour high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) algorithms for the rapid diagnosis of AMI.

Undetectable Concentrations of a Food and Drug Administration-approved High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Assay to Rule Out Acute Myocardial Infarction at Emergency Department Arrival.

Background: The objective of this study was to quantify the sensitivity of very low concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT) at ED arrival for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a large cohort of chest pain patients evaluated in real-world clinical practice.

Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive ED patients with suspected cardiac chest pain evaluated in four urban EDs, excluding those with ST-elevation AMI, cardiac arrest or abnormal kidney function. The primary outcomes were AMI at 7, 30, and 90 days.

Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs modifies the absorption, distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids in the mouse gastrointestinal tract.

Background: Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs, are important for human health. The intestinal tract, a location that is heavily colonized by microorganisms, is the main organ for absorbing fatty acids.

Methods: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on the distribution of different types of fatty acids and their bioavailability along the gut.

Leveraging population information in family-based rare variant association analyses of quantitative traits.

Confounding due to population substructure is always a concern in genetic association studies. Although methods have been proposed to adjust for population stratification in the context of common variation, it is unclear how well these approaches will work when interrogating rare variation. Family-based association tests can be constructed that are robust to population stratification.

Interleukin-1β gene variants are associated with QTc interval prolongation following cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study.

Background: We characterized cardiac surgery-induced dynamic changes of the corrected QT (QTc) interval and tested the hypothesis that genetic factors are associated with perioperative QTc prolongation independent of clinical and procedural factors.

Methods: All study subjects were ascertained from a prospective study of patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery during August 1999 to April 2002. We defined a prolonged QTc interval as > 440 msec, measured from 24-hr pre- and postoperative 12-lead electrocardiograms.

Genome-wide association study of acute kidney injury after coronary bypass graft surgery identifies susceptibility loci.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, serious complication of cardiac surgery. Since prior studies have supported a genetic basis for postoperative AKI, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for AKI following coronary bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The discovery data set consisted of 873 nonemergent CABG surgery patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (PEGASUS), while a replication data set had 380 cardiac surgical patients (CATHGEN).

Genome-wide association study of perioperative myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass surgery.

Objectives: Identification of patient subpopulations susceptible to develop myocardial infarction (MI) or, conversely, those displaying either intrinsic cardioprotective phenotypes or highly responsive to protective interventions remain high-priority knowledge gaps. We sought to identify novel common genetic variants associated with perioperative MI in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting using genome-wide association methodology.

Setting: 107 secondary and tertiary cardiac surgery centres across the USA.

The Association of Serum Total Peptide YY (PYY) with Obesity and Body Fat Measures in the CODING Study.

Background: PYY is an appetite suppressing hormone. Low circulating PYY has been linked to greater BMI. However data is controversial and this association has not been verified in large human populations.

Beneficial association of serum ghrelin and peptide YY with bone mineral density in the Newfoundland population.

Background: Ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) are appetite regulating hormones secreted from the gastrointestinal tract (gut). Aside from their known effect on energy homeostasis, accumulating data indicates that these gut hormones also affect bone metabolism. However, data regarding the influence of ghrelin and PYY on bone density in humans is very limited, and the results are inconclusive.

Food addiction: its prevalence and significant association with obesity in the general population.

Background: 'Food addiction' shares a similar neurobiological and behavioral framework with substance addiction. However whether, and to what degree, 'food addiction' contributes to obesity in the general population is unknown.

Objectives: to assess 1) the prevalence of 'food addiction' in the Newfoundland population; 2) if clinical symptom counts of 'food addiction' were significantly correlated with the body composition measurements; 3) if food addicts were significantly more obese than controls, and 4) if macronutrient intakes are associated with 'food addiction'.

Men had a higher risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism than women: a large population study.

Background: Most reports of sex differences in the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) are based on small or moderate sized cohorts of selected patients with VTE.

Methods: We aimed to determine the effect of sex on recurrent VTE in a large non-selected, real-world population of men and women with incident VTE. Using the linked administrative health care databases of the province of Québec, Canada, we constructed a cohort of patients with a first-time diagnosis of VTE between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 2004.