Segmentation methods and dosimetric evaluation of 3D-printed immobilization devices in head and neck radiotherapy.

Background: Treatment planning systems (TPS) often exclude immobilization devices from optimization and calculation, potentially leading to inaccurate dose estimates. This study employed deep learning methods to automatically segment 3D-printed head and neck immobilization devices and evaluate their dosimetric impact in head and neck VMAT.

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) positioning images from 49 patients were used to train the Mask2Former model to segment 3D-printed headrests and MFIFs.

A concise and scalable chemoenzymatic synthesis of prostaglandins.

Prostaglandins have garnered significant attention from synthetic chemists due to their exceptional biological activities. In this report, we present a concise chemoenzymatic synthesis method for several representative prostaglandins, achieved in 5 to 7 steps. Notably, the common intermediate bromohydrin, a radical equivalent of Corey lactone, is chemoenzymatically synthesized in only two steps, which allows us to complete the synthesis of prostaglandin F in five steps on a 10-gram scale.