Experiences, Challenges, and Needs of People Living with HIV in Hunan Province, China: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Globally, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic continues to pose significant challenges. In China, the differentiated services delivery (DSD) model has been implemented to improve healthcare for people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, challenges persist in fully implementing and scaling up the DSD model.

Relationship between systemic inflammatory response index and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2011-2016.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, utilizing NHANES data from 2011-2016, including 3,205 participants aged 8 to 19 years. Weighted multivariable regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between SIRI and BMD at the lumbar spine, pelvis, trunk, and whole body.

Fenvalerate exposure induces AKT/AMPK-dependent alterations in glucose metabolism in hepatoma cells.

Background: Fenvalerate (Fen) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide significantly associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Tumor cells exhibit a shift in glucose metabolism, known as the Warburg effect. Accordingly, we aimed to elucidate whether Fen interferes with insulin signaling and affects hepatoma cell metabolism.

Time-varying cost-effectiveness analysis of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in Chinese patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: A microsimulation of the real-world population.

Objective: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showed time-varying effects in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but corresponding cost-effectiveness in different timeframes remained poorly understood. This study estimated the time-varying cost-effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in HFrEF from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.

Methods: Based on real-world individual patient data, a 2-year microsimulation model was constructed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of adding SGLT2 inhibitors to standard therapy compared with standard therapy alone among patients with HFrEF.

Oncological outcomes of surgical management for T2N0M0 glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: The research aimed to evaluate the clinical treatment outcomes of T2N0M0 glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients who underwent laryngectomy.

Methods: Retrospective review of 533 T2N0M0 glottic LSCC patients.

Results: Five-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate was 90.

Dissecting ionic favorable hydrogen bond chemistry in hybrid separators for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Separators, regulating the ion transport channels between electrodes, are crucial for maintaining the properties of electrochemical batteries. However, sluggish ion transport and desolvation kinetics in aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) cause uneven ion flux at the separator-electrode interface, accelerating Zn dendrite growth. Herein, we systematically dissect ionic favorable hydrogen bond chemistry in a hybrid separator engineered through rational boron nitride (BN) doping into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) separators.

Aerobic exercise improves inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by regulating miR-221-3p via JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

Background: Exercise improves insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism while the mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and served as a potential therapeutic target. The study aimed to explore how aerobic exercise prevents chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle.

Comparison of six-week flywheel and traditional resistance training on deceleration and dynamic balance in elite badminton players.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of flywheel resistance training (FRT) and traditional resistance training (TRT) on deceleration and dynamic balance performance in elite badminton players.

Methods: Seventeen elite male badminton players (age: 21.36 ± 2.

Integrated surveillance and early warning system of emerging infectious diseases in China at community level: current status, gaps and perspectives.

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant threat to public health. Effective surveillance and early warning systems that monitor EIDs in a timely manner are crucial for their control. Given that more than half of EIDs are zoonotic, traditional integrated surveillance systems remain inadequate.

Palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond cleavage of primary alcohols: decarbonylative coupling of acetylenic aldehydes with haloarenes.

In the current work, a palladium-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage reaction of primary alcohols has been developed. This transformation was characterized by a broad substrate scope, superior functional group tolerance, and high efficiency for selective C-C bond cleavage and was then followed by alkynyl-aryl cross coupling. Mechanism studies indicated that the propargyl alcohols underwent β-H elimination to form aldehydes rather than having undergone β-C elimination.

Efficient total synthesis of dehydro--viniferin through metal-halogen exchange cyclization.

Bioactive dehydro--viniferin was synthesized through an efficient and practical eight-step route, achieving an overall yield of 27%. The synthesis process involves an intramolecular cyclization and dehalogenation a metal-halogen exchange, producing 3-arylbenzofuran, with the di-iodinated -aryloxyketone serving as the key intermediate. Long reaction times and the use of excess reagent -PrMgCl·LiCl facilitate metal-halogen exchange cyclization and dehalogenation.

Integrated multi-omics characterization of neuroblastoma with bone or bone marrow metastasis.

The pathogenesis of neuroblastoma with bone or bone marrow metastasis (NB-BBM) and its complex immune microenvironment remain poorly elucidated, hampering the advancement of effective risk prediction for BBM and limiting therapeutic strategies. Feature recognition of 142 paraffin-embedded hematoxylin-eosin-stained tumor section images was conducted using a Swin-Transformer for pathological histology to predict NB-BBM occurrence. Single-cell transcriptomics identified a tumor cell subpopulation (NB3) and two tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subpopulations (SPP1 TAMs and IGHM TAMs) closely associated with BBM and highlighted transketolase (TKT) as a key molecular marker for metastatic progression in NB.

Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare spindle-cell neoplasm. IMT currently suffers from a paucity of standardized diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. The Chinese expert consensus committee on the diagnosis and treatment of IMT formed an "Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor".

Effectiveness and Current Status of Icariin in the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Injury Associated with Osteoporosis.

Rotator cuff injury is a disease in which the muscle and tendon that constitute the rotator cuff are torn causing shoulder pain and limited function. Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass, destruction of bone microstructure, decreased bone strength, and increased bone fragility. Both are common musculoskeletal diseases that occur in middle-aged and elderly people, and their prevalence gradually increases with age.

A Site-Specific Photo-Crosslinking Proteomics Approach Provides Insights into Non-Canonical Pyroptotic Caspase-4 Substrates.

Inflammatory caspases (1/4/5) are key effectors in the process of pyroptosis by cleaving and activating the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD). Unlike other caspases whose substrates have been well characterized, the substrates for caspase-4, which mediate non-canonical pyroptosis, remain poorly understood. Here, we combined non-canonical amino acids, photo-crosslinking, and proteomics to profile caspase-4 substrates, enabling the capture of transient protein interactions with activated caspase-4.

Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia due to Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report.

Pheochromocytoma, a type of neuroendocrine tumor, can cause numerous symptoms and signs similar to those of other clinical conditions, with the classic triad being palpitations, headache, and diaphoresis. Patients with pheochromocytoma can present with various cardiac complications, including myocarditis, acute coronary syndromes, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Here we report a case of pheochromocytoma that first presented with bidirectional ventricular tachycardia.

Low-Voltage Electrooxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzoic Acid Enhanced by PtZn-ZnO Interface.

The electrocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid is a process that often requires high voltage, leading to increased energy consumption, side reactions (oxygen evolution reaction (OER)), and catalyst degradation. Herein, our study introduces a novel approach. We demonstrate that a PtZn-ZnO catalyst featuring a PtZn intermetallic structure with abundant PtZn-ZnO interfaces on the surface allows for the electrocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid with an impressive selectivity of 99.

A Novel KMT2E Splicing Variant as a Cause of O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan Syndrome With West Syndrome: Expansion of the Phenotype and Genotype.

Introduction: O'Donnell-Luria-Rodan (ODLURO) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with KMT2E gene variants. ODLURO syndrome is characterized mainly by developmental delay, intellectual disability and macrocephaly or microcephaly; in some patients, it may manifest as autism or epilepsy.

Methods: Trio whole-exome sequencing was performed on a female infant with unexplained West syndrome and developmental regression.

A Novel Disulfidptosis-Related Diagnostic Gene Signature and Differential Expression Validation in Ischaemic Cardiomyopathy.

Ischaemic cardiomyopathy (IC) predominantly arises from prolonged deprivation of oxygen in the coronary arteries, resulting in compromised cardiac contractility or relaxation. This study investigates the role of disulfidptosis-associated genes (DiGs) in IC. Through the analysis of datasets GSE5406 and GSE57338, we explored the association between DiGs and immune characteristics to identify crucial genes contributing to IC development.

p53 inhibits OTUD5 transcription to promote GPX4 degradation and induce ferroptosis in gastric cancer.

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors within the digestive system, and ferroptosis playing a crucial role in its progression. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key negative regulator of ferroptosis, is highly expressed in gastric cancer and contributes to tumor growth. Targeting the regulation of GPX4 has emerged as a promising approach to induce ferroptosis and develop effective therapy for gastric cancer.

Intracranial vessel wall enhancement scoring system for monitoring disease activity and neuropsychiatric impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objectives: To establish an intracranial vessel wall enhancement (VWE) scoring system and evaluate its potential as a protocol for monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity and neuropsychiatric impairment.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, fifty patients with SLE underwent conventional MRI and high-resolution magnetic resonance vascular wall imaging (HR-VWI) at three tertiary hospitals between August 2022 and December 2023. We analyzed VWE distribution in intracranial arteries, developed a scoring system based on enhancement patterns, and examined the relationship between VWE scores, disease activity, and cognitive function.

Different plaque types and its association with the volume and attenuation of pericoronary adipose tissue as assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography.

Aim: To explore the relationship between different plaque types and pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) volume and attenuation values in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) based on coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA).

Materials And Methods: Three hundred twenty one patients with stable CAD who underwent CCTA from May 2022 to March 2023 were enrolled. Using semi-automatic software, PCAT volumes and CT attenuation values were measured around the plaque and in the segment and proximal coronary artery where the plaque was located.

CAS1-synthesized β-Caryophyllene enhances broad-spectrum stress resistance in tomatoes.

Plants have evolved a variety of regulatory mechanisms to adapt to changing environment conditions. Secondary metabolites play a crucial role in these adaptive processes. However, little is known about whether specific secondary metabolites confer broad-spectrum resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.

Alleviation of salt stress in strawberries by hydrogen-rich water: Physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic responses.

The increasing impacts of climate change and intensified human activities exacerbate soil salinization, posing significant challenges to agricultural productivity. Therefore, addressing salt stress in crops is a critical area of research. In this study, strawberry seedlings (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.

Integrative analysis of gene expression and chromatin dynamics multi-omics data in mouse models of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.

Background: Pulmonary fibrosis is a relentless and ultimately fatal lung disorder. Despite a wealth of research, the intricate molecular pathways that contribute to the onset of PF, especially the aspects related to epigenetic modifications and chromatin dynamics, continue to be elusive and not fully understood.

Methods: Utilizing a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between chromatin structure, chromatin accessibility, gene expression patterns, and cellular heterogeneity.