RACK1 promotes actin-mediated invasion, motility, and cell-to-cell spreading.

is an intracellular bacterium that hijacks the host actin cytoskeleton to invade and disseminate within the colonic epithelium. 's virulence factors induce actin polymerization, leading to bacterial uptake, actin tail formation, actin-mediated motility, and cell-to-cell spreading. Many host factors involved in the -prompted actin rearrangements remain elusive.

Expression, purification, and functional analysis of an antigen-targeting fusion protein composed of CD40 ligand and the C-terminal fragment of ovalbumin.

Delivering antigen via molecules specifically targeting receptors on the surface of antigen-presenting cells is a strategy to improve immune responses. In this study, an antigen-targeting fusion protein (OVA-CD40LS) composed of the C-terminal fragment of ovalbumin and the extracellular domain of mouse CD40 ligand was constructed by genetic fusion. The OVA-CD40LS and the control OVA (rOVA) genes were cloned in Escherichia coli and over-expressed as insoluble proteins.